The Embassy of Good Science - User contributions [en]

Theme:307c6cc0-20d5-432f-bc4a-51aff0c985fe

2020-07-28T13:33:59Z

0000-0003-1367-7603:

{{Theme
|Theme Type=Good Practices
|Has Parent Theme=Theme:72c8ab8d-bbf8-4503-8b48-9de7eac37673
|Title=Cross-boundary collaborations
|Is About=Cross-boundary research collaborations involve cooperation across disciplines, institutions and countries. Collaborations pose particular challenges, due to the coexistence of different research norms and practices. Professional guidelines may differ between disciplines, codes and accepted practices may differ between institutions, and legal and ethical requirements may differ between countries.
|Important Because=Cross-boundary collaborations provide opportunities but also difficulties. It is important to be aware of differences in research practice, guidelines and legislation. Collaborators should try to reach consensus and agreement in the design and implementation of research.
|Important For=PhD students; Senior researchers; Junior researchers; Supervisors; General public
|Has Best Practice=The [https://wcrif.org/documents/354-montreal-statement-english/file Montreal Statement on Research Integrity] in Cross-Boundary Research Collaborations was developed at the 3rd World Conference on Research Integrity, 2013 <ref>Montreal Statement n Research Integrity in Cross-Boundary Research Collaborations. 3rd WCRI; 5-8 May 2013; Montreal; 2013.</ref>. The statement details twenty separate responsibilities of individuals and institutions concerning general collaborations, management of collaborations, collaborative relationships, and outcomes of research.
<references />
|Has Reference=a
}}
{{Related To
|Related To Resource=Resource:A4ae8a3f-80d6-4d4a-a9fb-67426abeb6b6;Resource:5bbdd729-8f96-432a-a0ee-56510e343d01;Resource:E273cee3-0907-4841-9126-9cee08518338
|Related To Theme=Theme:72c8ab8d-bbf8-4503-8b48-9de7eac37673;Theme:8704dd29-f972-45ca-993c-3e93f834dbfb
}}
{{Tags
|Has Virtue And Value=Accountability; Reliability
|Has Good Practice And Misconduct=Collaborative research
}}

Resource:34661954-bfa3-4b8f-b47d-95ebe379ff81

2020-07-28T13:29:59Z

0000-0003-1367-7603:

{{Resource
|Resource Type=Cases
|Title=Case-based ethics instruction: the influence of contextual and individual factors in case content on ethical decision-making
|Is About=In this study, authors explored case-based ethics instruction. They looked at influences of contextual and personal factors embedded in case content on ethical decision-making. Cases were manipulated to include a clear description of the social context and the goals of the characters. Results indicated that social context facilitated sensemaking processes and resulted in greater decision ethicality.
|Important Because=Helps making research ethics training more efficient.
|Important For=Early career researchers; PhD Students; Junior researchers; Master students
|Has Best Practice=Cases must include a rich and realistic description of the social context in cases.
}}
{{Link
|Has Link=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11948-012-9414-3
}}
{{Related To
|Related To Resource=Resource:381c1a47-2fe3-4183-b554-43ddbcf84077
|Related To Theme=Theme:883697c8-d319-4224-991e-ce063d648efd
|Related To Instruction=Instruction:312681e3-96e5-4ebe-85f7-6fa2947d1f4a;Instruction:4e235a59-4819-40a1-b9d2-598565a69a49
}}
{{Tags
|Involves=Bagdasarov; Thiel; Johnson; Connelly; Harkrider; Devenport
|Has Timepoint=2013
|Has Location=United States
|Has Virtue And Value=Accountability; Honesty
|Has Good Practice And Misconduct=Falsification; Fabrication; Plagiarism; Mentor/trainee relationship
|Related To Research Area=SH - Social Sciences and Humanities; SH 04.05 - Social and clinical psychology
}}

Theme:5e34933a-293e-447a-9ab4-9299a152e8a5

2020-07-28T12:52:56Z

0000-0003-1367-7603:

{{Theme
|Theme Type=Good Practices
|Has Parent Theme=Theme:639528ea-d2c2-4565-8b44-15bb9646f74b
|Title=Prospective registration of clinical trials
|Is About=Trial registration is the publication of information about the design, conduct, and administration of clinical trials and should be registered before enrollment of the first participant. The information should be published on a publicly-accessible website at no charge, managed by a nonprofit organization, freely available to anybody and searchable electronically. Registration aims 1) to improve the transparency of these trials and 2) to protect stakeholder interests – including the interests of the subjects, the investigators, peer scientists and society in general.
|Important Because=Those responsible for conducting clinical trials sometimes fail in their ethical obligations towards subjects, sponsors, the scientific community and the general public by not publishing study outcomes in a timely manner. Some do not make results available at all[https://www.embassy.science/theme/prospective-registration-of-clinical-trials#_edn1 <nowiki>[i]</nowiki>]. Problems surrounding the reporting of research outcomes could lead to an erosion of trust in clinical trials. Subjects feel their contribution is not respected, harms are not adequately managed, and taxpayers feel their money is misspent. A failure to report all of the outcomes of research also slows the pace of scientific development. The regulatory policies demanding clinical trials’ registration in advance of the purposed beginning of the study aim to address and mitigate these problems.

The registration of all interventional trials is considered to be a scientific and ethical responsibility. The Declaration of Helsinki states that "Every clinical trial must be registered in a publicly accessible database before recruitment of the first subject". The trials registration offers the following advantages: 1) ensure global access to scientific data; 2) prevent unnecessary duplications, informing about similar or identical trials and therefore saving public resources; 3) offer to patients the possibility of being recruited in an experimental study; 4) facilitate the identification of publication bias and selective reporting; 5) allow investigators to increase the quality of research design; 6) support international scientific cooperation by enabling researchers and health care practitioners to identify trials in which they may have an interest; and 7) reduce the tendency to under-report negative findings.<ref>WHO Statement on Public Disclosure of Clinical Trial Results. 2017. Available from:https://www.who.int/ictrp/trial_reg/en/. Accessed May 2019.</ref>
<references />
|Important For=PhD students; Early career researchers; Junior researchers; Senior researchers; Funders; Research performing organisations; Research funding organisations
|Has Best Practice=In 2004, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) announced that clinical trials beginning after July 1, 2005, would be under a new trial registration policy. <ref>International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Clinical Trial RegistrationAvailable from: [http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/publishing-and-editorial-issues/clinical-trial-registration.html www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/publishing-and-editorial-issues/clinical-trial-registration.html] Accessed May 2019.</ref> To be published in member journals, the trials would have to be registered in an approved trial registry prior to the enrollment of the first participant. Since 2005, ICMJE has reiterated that registering a prospective study should be a condition of publication and after the announcement, several journals endorsed this policy. The registration must occur prior to enrollment of the first study participant in a trial registry that meets the quality criteria developed by WHO. <ref>WHO Statement on Public Disclosure of Clinical Trial Results. 2017. Available from: https://www.who.int/ictrp/en/ Accessed May 2019.</ref>However, the adherence for this requirement remains low by both researchers and journal editors and, unfortunately, not all clinical trials are registered before they start.

Recent findings suggest that among the reasons that lead to the low adherence to the new requirement by the researchers are: lack of awareness of the criteria; misunderstandings regarding the definition of clinical trial by ICMJE; and difficulties for registration. <ref>Loder E, Loder S, Cook S. Characteristics and publication fate of unregistered and retrospectively registered clinical trials submitted to The BMJ over 4 years. BMJ Open2018;8:e020037. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020037</ref>On the part of journal editors, the main reason is that not all journals are equally committed to meeting the registration requirements, strengths, and limitations of the study. The Committee on Publication Ethics suggested that “it is probably best to judge each paper on a case by case basis.”
<references />
|Has Reference=a
}}
{{Related To
|Related To Resource=Resource:08657792-f22e-486e-a034-c78fb9a2f39f;Resource:E273cee3-0907-4841-9126-9cee08518338
|Related To Theme=Theme:24e87492-7020-4fc0-ab37-dd88bcf9f637;Theme:0bb5e4f7-9336-4ca8-92e3-c506413d1450
}}
{{Tags
|Has Virtue And Value=Accountability
|Has Good Practice And Misconduct=Clinical trials
}}

Theme:5e34933a-293e-447a-9ab4-9299a152e8a5

2020-07-28T12:50:55Z

0000-0003-1367-7603:

{{Theme
|Theme Type=Good Practices
|Has Parent Theme=Theme:639528ea-d2c2-4565-8b44-15bb9646f74b
|Title=Prospective registration of clinical trials
|Is About=Trial registration is the publication of information about the design, conduct, and administration of clinical trials and should be registered before enrollment of the first participant. The information should be published on a publicly-accessible website at no charge, managed by a nonprofit organization, freely available to anybody and searchable electronically. Registration aims 1) to improve the transparency of these trials and 2) to protect stakeholder interests – including the interests of the subjects, the investigators, peer scientists and society in general.
|Important Because=Those responsible for conducting clinical trials sometimes fail in their ethical obligations towards subjects, sponsors, the scientific community and the general public by not publishing study outcomes in a timely manner. Some do not make results available at all[https://www.embassy.science/theme/prospective-registration-of-clinical-trials#_edn1 <nowiki>[i]</nowiki>]. Problems surrounding the reporting of research outcomes could lead to an erosion of trust in clinical trials. Subjects feel their contribution is not respected, harms are not adequately managed, and taxpayers feel their money is misspent. A failure to report all of the outcomes of research also slows the pace of scientific development. The regulatory policies demanding clinical trials’ registration in advance of the purposed beginning of the study aim to address and mitigate these problems.

The registration of all interventional trials is considered to be a scientific and ethical responsibility. The Declaration of Helsinki states that "Every clinical trial must be registered in a publicly accessible database before recruitment of the first subject". The trials registration offers the following advantages: 1) ensure global access to scientific data;2) prevent unnecessary duplications, informing about similar or identical trials and therefore saving public resources; 3) offer to patients the possibility of being recruited in an experimental study; 4) facilitate the identification of publication bias and selective reporting; 5) allow investigators to increase the quality of research design; 6) support international scientific cooperation by enabling researchers and health care practitioners to identify trials in which they may have an interest; and 7) reduce the tendency to under-report negative findings.<ref>WHO Statement on Public Disclosure of Clinical Trial Results. 2017. Available from:https://www.who.int/ictrp/trial_reg/en/. Accessed May 2019.</ref>
<references />
|Important For=PhD students; Early career researchers; Junior researchers; Senior researchers; Funders; Research performing organisations; Research funding organisations
|Has Best Practice=In 2004, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) announced that clinical trials beginning after July 1, 2005, would be under a new trial registration policy. <ref>International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Clinical Trial RegistrationAvailable from: [http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/publishing-and-editorial-issues/clinical-trial-registration.html www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/publishing-and-editorial-issues/clinical-trial-registration.html] Accessed May 2019.</ref> To be published in member journals, the trials would have to be registered in an approved trial registry prior to the enrollment of the first participant. Since 2005, ICMJE has reiterated that registering a prospective study should be a condition of publication and after the announcement, several journals endorsed this policy. The registration must occur prior to enrollment of the first study participant in a trial registry that meets the quality criteria developed by WHO. <ref>WHO Statement on Public Disclosure of Clinical Trial Results. 2017. Available from: https://www.who.int/ictrp/en/ Accessed May 2019.</ref>However, the adherence for this requirement remains low by both researchers and journal editors and, unfortunately, not all clinical trials are registered before they start.

Recent findings suggest that among the reasons that lead to the low adherence to the new requirement by the researchers are: lack of awareness of the criteria; misunderstandings regarding the definition of clinical trial by ICMJE; and difficulties for registration. <ref>Loder E, Loder S, Cook S. Characteristics and publication fate of unregistered and retrospectively registered clinical trials submitted to The BMJ over 4 years. BMJ Open2018;8:e020037. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020037</ref>On the part of journal editors, the main reason is that not all journals are equally committed to meeting the registration requirements, strengths, and limitations of the study. The Committee on Publication Ethics suggested that “it is probably best to judge each paper on a case by case basis.”
<references />
|Has Reference=a
}}
{{Related To
|Related To Resource=Resource:08657792-f22e-486e-a034-c78fb9a2f39f;Resource:E273cee3-0907-4841-9126-9cee08518338
|Related To Theme=Theme:24e87492-7020-4fc0-ab37-dd88bcf9f637;Theme:0bb5e4f7-9336-4ca8-92e3-c506413d1450
}}
{{Tags
|Has Virtue And Value=Accountability
|Has Good Practice And Misconduct=Clinical trials
}}

Theme:5e34933a-293e-447a-9ab4-9299a152e8a5

2020-07-28T12:49:33Z

0000-0003-1367-7603:

{{Theme
|Theme Type=Good Practices
|Has Parent Theme=Theme:639528ea-d2c2-4565-8b44-15bb9646f74b
|Title=Prospective registration of clinical trials
|Is About=Trial registration is the publication of information about the design, conduct, and administration of clinical trials and should be registered before enrollment of the first participant. The information should be published on a publicly-accessible website at no charge, managed by a nonprofit organization, freely available to anybody and searchable electronically. Registration aims to 1) improve the transparency of these trials and to 2) protect stakeholder interests – including the interests of the subjects, the investigators, peer scientists and society in general.
|Important Because=Those responsible for conducting clinical trials sometimes fail in their ethical obligations towards subjects, sponsors, the scientific community and the general public by not publishing study outcomes in a timely manner. Some do not make results available at all[https://www.embassy.science/theme/prospective-registration-of-clinical-trials#_edn1 <nowiki>[i]</nowiki>]. Problems surrounding the reporting of research outcomes could lead to an erosion of trust in clinical trials. Subjects feel their contribution is not respected, harms are not adequately managed, and taxpayers feel their money is misspent. A failure to report all of the outcomes of research also slows the pace of scientific development. The regulatory policies demanding clinical trials’ registration in advance of the purposed beginning of the study aim to address and mitigate these problems.

The registration of all interventional trials is considered to be a scientific and ethical responsibility. The Declaration of Helsinki states that "Every clinical trial must be registered in a publicly accessible database before recruitment of the first subject". The trials registration offers the following advantages: 1) ensure global access to scientific data;2) prevent unnecessary duplications, informing about similar or identical trials and therefore saving public resources; 3) offer to patients the possibility of being recruited in an experimental study; 4) facilitate the identification of publication bias and selective reporting; 5) allow investigators to increase the quality of research design; 6) support international scientific cooperation by enabling researchers and health care practitioners to identify trials in which they may have an interest; and 7) reduce the tendency to under-report negative findings.<ref>WHO Statement on Public Disclosure of Clinical Trial Results. 2017. Available from:https://www.who.int/ictrp/trial_reg/en/. Accessed May 2019.</ref>
<references />
|Important For=PhD students; Early career researchers; Junior researchers; Senior researchers; Funders; Research performing organisations; Research funding organisations
|Has Best Practice=In 2004, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) announced that clinical trials beginning after July 1, 2005, would be under a new trial registration policy. <ref>International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Clinical Trial RegistrationAvailable from: [http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/publishing-and-editorial-issues/clinical-trial-registration.html www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/publishing-and-editorial-issues/clinical-trial-registration.html] Accessed May 2019.</ref> To be published in member journals, the trials would have to be registered in an approved trial registry prior to the enrollment of the first participant. Since 2005, ICMJE has reiterated that registering a prospective study should be a condition of publication and after the announcement, several journals endorsed this policy. The registration must occur prior to enrollment of the first study participant in a trial registry that meets the quality criteria developed by WHO. <ref>WHO Statement on Public Disclosure of Clinical Trial Results. 2017. Available from: https://www.who.int/ictrp/en/ Accessed May 2019.</ref>However, the adherence for this requirement remains low by both researchers and journal editors and, unfortunately, not all clinical trials are registered before they start.

Recent findings suggest that among the reasons that lead to the low adherence to the new requirement by the researchers are: lack of awareness of the criteria; misunderstandings regarding the definition of clinical trial by ICMJE; and difficulties for registration. <ref>Loder E, Loder S, Cook S. Characteristics and publication fate of unregistered and retrospectively registered clinical trials submitted to The BMJ over 4 years. BMJ Open2018;8:e020037. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020037</ref>On the part of journal editors, the main reason is that not all journals are equally committed to meeting the registration requirements, strengths, and limitations of the study. The Committee on Publication Ethics suggested that “it is probably best to judge each paper on a case by case basis.”
<references />
|Has Reference=a
}}
{{Related To
|Related To Resource=Resource:08657792-f22e-486e-a034-c78fb9a2f39f;Resource:E273cee3-0907-4841-9126-9cee08518338
|Related To Theme=Theme:24e87492-7020-4fc0-ab37-dd88bcf9f637;Theme:0bb5e4f7-9336-4ca8-92e3-c506413d1450
}}
{{Tags
|Has Virtue And Value=Accountability
|Has Good Practice And Misconduct=Clinical trials
}}

User:0000-0003-1367-7603

2020-07-28T12:48:57Z

0000-0003-1367-7603: create user page