Various practices are related to research misconduct, ranging from building an environment conducive to good research conduct to the policies and procedures for reporting misconduct. Below, some initiatives to improve the reporting of misconduct are detailed. The European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity focuses on the adherence to Integrity and Fairness in misconduct procedures. Find the code [https://www.embassy.science/resources/the-european-code-of-conduct-for-research-integrity here.] The Committee on Publishing Ethics (COPE) outline the responsibilities of journal editors and publishers in their ‘core practices’ [https://publicationethics.org/resources/elearning/introduction-publication-ethics/publication-ethics-and-misconduct here]. Recommendations include: *"Journals must take seriously allegations of misconduct pre-publication and post-publication" *"Journals should have a clearly described process for handling allegations, however they are brought to the journal's or publisher's attention" *"COPE expects members to have robust and well-described, publicly documented practices in all these areas for their journals and organisations"
The proper conduct and reporting of research is fundamental to the scientific method and the integrity of the research record. Research misconduct however distorts the knowledge base. The practices of falsification, fabrication and plagiarism are widely agreed to constitute misconduct and are intentional deceptions. The Office of Research Integrity defines research misconduct as follows: Research misconduct is ‘fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research, or in reporting research results.' *Fabrication is making up data or results and recording or reporting them. *Falsification is manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record. *Plagiarism is the appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit. *Research misconduct does not include honest error or differences of opinion.’ Falsification, fabrication and plagiarism, however, are relatively rare '"`UNIQ--ref-00000013-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--ref-00000014-QINU`"'. In contrast, other behaviors, ranging from unintentional ‘sloppy' science to conscious minor breaches of research integrity are more frequent and possibly more damaging to science. '"`UNIQ--ref-00000015-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--ref-00000016-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--references-00000017-QINU`"'
Undergraduate Student / Graduate Student
Research Integrity Officer / Committee Member
What is research misconduct? Which practices are considered ‘misconduct’ and which might be labelled a less serious ‘misbehavior’ or ‘questionable research practice’? For some, misconduct is synonymous with ‘FFP’ - Falsification, Fabrication and Plagiarism '"`UNIQ--ref-0000000C-QINU`"'– whereas others consider a failure to meet ethical, legal and professional obligations, and even a failure to properly deal with misconduct allegations, to qualify as misconduct. '"`UNIQ--ref-0000000D-QINU`"'.There is ongoing debate among academics how to precisely define research misconduct. '"`UNIQ--ref-0000000E-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--ref-0000000F-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--ref-00000010-QINU`"' The European Code of Conduct on Research Integrity '"`UNIQ--ref-00000011-QINU`"' refers to misconduct as FFP. Other violations which damage the integrity of the research are referred to as ‘other unacceptable practices’.'"`UNIQ--references-00000012-QINU`"'
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Display Title: Research misconductFabrication
Display Title: Research misconductFalsification
Display Title: Research misconductPlagiarism
Addressing the socio-economic consequences of research misconduct
Artificial tracheas and severe research misconduct
Assessing the educational literature in the responsible conduct of research for core content.
Carlo Croce: data falsification and other scientific misconduct
Committee on Publication Ethics Guidelines on How to Handle Authorship Disputes
German Research Foundation's Recommendations for Safeguarding Good Scientific Practice
Grey areas of plagiarism: 10 scenarios to discuss with students
Handling of Scientific Dishonesty in the Nordic Countries: Early stages in the 1990's
Institutional dealing with scientific misconduct
Is there a reproducibility crisis in science?
MOOC Research Ethics: a guide for responsible research with human subjects
Misrepresenting the characteristics of research participants in psychiatric studies
Research Ethics: a guide for responsible research with human subjects
Research Integrity & Research Ethics: Guidelines of the Austrian Science Funds
Research Integrity and Conflicts of Interest: The Case of Unethical Research-Misconduct Charges
Researchers Call For the Release of Findings of a Misconduct Investigation
Reusing Biopsy Material in New Publications, Image Manipulation and Fraudulent Research Protocols
Sabotage and the Federal Definition of Research Misconduct
Scientific Misconduct and the Myth of Self-Correction in Science
Scientific Misconduct at an Elite Medical Institute: The Role of Competing Institutional Logics and Fragmented Control
Scientific Research: Dilemmas and Temptations (booklet of cases)
Simultaneous Submission Leading to Duplicate Publication
The Legacy of the Hwang Case: Research Misconduct in Biosciences
The Swiss National Science Foundation and National Research Council's Regulations on scientific misconduct
The Swiss Report on Homeopathy: A Case Study of Research Misconduct
The role of moral philosophy in the divide between science and non-science
UK Research Council's Policy and Guidelines on Governance of Good Research Conduct
UK Research Integrity Office's Case Study Collection
Virtue Ethics under Current Research Conditions
What Universities can Learn from one of Science’s Biggest Frauds
Display Title: PlagiarismAI use in scientific writing
Display Title: Protecting research subjectsResearch with animals
Questionable research practices & research misbehaviors
Display Title: Questionable research practices & research misbehaviorsQuestionable research practices & research misbehaviors
Display Title: Research cultureImage Integrity
Institutional policies and procedures for research misconduct
Display Title: Research cultureInstitutional policies and procedures for research misconduct
Display Title: Research cultureLegal rights of accused scientists
Display Title: Research cultureORI - The Office of Research Integrity
Display Title: Research cultureWhistleblower protection/rights
Research integrity training for PhD students
Display Title: Responsible mentoringResearch integrity training for PhD students
Is there an overall theme which already addresses some relevant points?