While some COIs might be inevitable (e.g. in case of scientists who move between academia, industry, and government), disclosure and providing extra information is believed to empower readers to place credence on presented data. '"`UNIQ--ref-00000297-QINU`"' Conflict of interests is explained in numerous guidelines . For example, Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) has issued several guidelines for dealing with conflict of interest, from both reviewers’ and readers’ point of view. COPE guidelines for reviewers can be found [https://www.embassy.science/theme/A%20lot%20has%20been%20said%20about%20conflict%20of%20interest.%20For%20example,%20Committee%20on%20Publication%20Ethics%20(COPE)%20has%20issued%20several%20guidelines%20for%20dealing%20with%20conflict%20of%20interest,%20from%20both%20reviewers%E2%80%99%20and%20readers%E2%80%99%20point%20of%20view.%20COPE%20guidelines%20for%20reviewers%20can%20be%20found%20here here], and guidelines for readers can be accessed [https://www.embassy.science/theme/A%20lot%20has%20been%20said%20about%20conflict%20of%20interest.%20For%20example,%20Committee%20on%20Publication%20Ethics%20(COPE)%20has%20issued%20several%20guidelines%20for%20dealing%20with%20conflict%20of%20interest,%20from%20both%20reviewers%E2%80%99%20and%20readers%E2%80%99%20point%20of%20view.%20COPE%20guidelines%20for%20reviewers%20can%20be%20found%20here here]. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) also addressed the issue of conflict of interest, and defined purposeful failure to disclose conflicts of interest as a form of misconduct. They categorize conflict of interest as following: financial relationships (such as consultancies, stock ownership or options, honorary payments, patents…), personal relationships or rivalries, academic competition, and intellectual beliefs. A more detailed ICMJE explanation and guide can be found [https://www.embassy.science/theme/International%20Committee%20of%20Medical%20Journal%20Editors%20(ICMJE)%20also%20addressed%20the%20issue%20of%20conflict%20of%20interest,%20and%20defined%20purposeful%20failure%20to%20disclose%20conflicts%20of%20interest%20as%20a%20form%20of%20misconduct.%20They%20categorize%20conflict%20of%20interest%20as%20following%3A%20financial%20relationships%20(such%20as%20consultancies,%20stock%20ownership%20or%20options,%20honorary%20payments,%20patents%E2%80%A6),%20personal%20relationships%20or%20rivalries,%20academic%20competition,%20and%20intellectual%20beliefs.%20A%20more%20detailed%20ICMJE%20explanation%20and%20guide%20can%20be%20found%20here here]. A separate ICMJE declaration of conflict of interest form can be accessed [http://www.icmje.org/conflicts-of-interest/ here]. Completed ICMJE COI declaration is often a requirement for submitting an article to a scientific journal. '"`UNIQ--references-00000298-QINU`"'
Conflict of interests erodes objectivity of science and leads to corruption, and most certainly create a space for bias in decision making. Conflict of interest can happen in a variety of research areas and human activities, but when we take consequences into consideration, in some areas such as science and research it becomes especially important.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000293-QINU`"' A recent review revealed that industry sponsored studies are more often in favour to the sponsors’ products compared with studies with other sources of funding.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000294-QINU`"' Because of the effect it can potentially have on research, scientific journals require a separate declaration of conflict of interest when submitting scientific articles.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000295-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--references-00000296-QINU`"'
Conflict of interests pertain to situations that involve a person or organization with multiple interests (personal, professional, financial…). Working towards one interest could involve conflict with others. Conflicts can be (1) financial or (2) non-financial. 1) Treating patients and working for a pharmaceutical company (or owning their shares) that produces medicine for the same group of patients is an example of financial conflict of interests. Be prescribing and promoting medicine that is produced by this pharmaceutical company, the treating doctor may receive some sort of direct financial comission or have the value of their shares increased. 2) Non-publication of negative results and zero relations and making biased hypotheses are among examples of non-financial conflict of interests.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000291-QINU`"' Researchers who hide their negative results (to make their data clean or their results more noteworthy), or hypothesise in a manner to yield their prefered results could be seen as examples of non-financial conflict of interests. It is important to note that conflict of interest includes the potential for conflict as well, and these should always be reported. '"`UNIQ--references-00000292-QINU`"'
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Conflict of interests# QUERY0fc8d43ba098f4bd7845c21f3634a3a3
Conflict of interests# QUERYcc5d37dac429bfe34c3ecf23d641c90a
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Display Title: Conflict of interestsConflict of interest in peer review
Conflict of interest: a research integrity and research ethics perspective
Display Title: Conflict of interestsConflict of interest: a research integrity and research ethics perspective
Display Title: Conflict of interestsEditorial conflicts of interest
Display Title: Conflict of interestsIntellectual conflicts of interest
The influence of pharmaceutical company on drug availability
Display Title: Conflict of interestsThe influence of pharmaceutical company on drug availability
Collaborative Working Between Academia and Industry: An Educational Scenario by the EnTIRE project
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Disclosing Conflicts of Interest in Scientific Advice
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How I Was Nearly Duped into 'Authoring' a Fake Paper
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Research Problems at Australian University Hit the News
SOPs4RI Guidelines for research funders on defining and preventing unjustified interferences from funders, political and commercial actors
The Dutch Code on Prevention of Undue Influence through Conflicts of Interest
The Olivieri Debacle: Where Were the Heroes of Bioethics?
The Threat to Scientific Integrity in Environmental and Occupational Medicine
Training, Supervision and Mentoring with Integrity: An Educational Scenario by the EnTIRE project
Unlicensed usage of medical devices on patients: a case of accusations
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Display Title: FundersConflicts of interest in the review of grant proposals
Display Title: PublicationStandards of authorship
Display Title: Questionable Research Practices in CollaborationHostile peer review
Display Title: Questionable Research Practices in CollaborationInappropriate authorship
Turning a blind eye to breaches of integrity
Display Title: Questionable Research Practices in CollaborationTurning a blind eye to breaches of integrity
Display Title: Questionable research practices & research misbehaviorsPolarized research
Is there an overall theme which already addresses some relevant points?