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The Declaración de Panamá sobre Ciencia Abierta (2018), co-created by universities and civil society members from Latin America and the Caribbean, provides a regional framework for open science and open access. Written in Spanish, it translates high-level principles into actionable guidance for researchers, institutions, funders, and publishers across Latin American and Caribbean countries, including Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, España, Mexico, Panama, and Venezuela. The declaration promotes openness as the default while respecting ethics, privacy, intellectual property, and security, linking openness to research quality, reproducibility, speed of translation, and equitable access—especially for communities with limited subscription access. Core elements include open access to publications with preferred licensing (e.g., Creative Commons), deposition in trusted repositories, FAIR data principles, and detailed data management plans. Responsibilities for authors and institutions include funding acknowledgment, rights retention, and budgeting, while justified embargoes and exceptions for sensitive data are transparently documented. It encourages enabling infrastructure—repositories, registries, discovery services—and aligns with international initiatives such as Plan S and the European Open Science Cloud. Assessment emphasizes quality of openness, machine-readable metadata, persistent identifiers, and sharing of methods, code, and data. Equity, multilingual communication, and capacity building are emphasized. Implementation relies on planning, institutional support, and funder-backed infrastructure. The declaration serves as a practical reference, checklist, and benchmark for transparency, reproducibility, and alignment with international norms.

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