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The Dutch funding agencies ZonMw and NWO have set up guidelines for dealing with COIs in the reviewing process. COI citeria include:

*personal interests
*professional interests
*interests arising out of other positions
*business (financial or economic) interests

The following personal interests always exclude participation in the process:

*being the applicant or joint applicant
*having written any part of an application without being an applicant or joint applicant
*having any of the following relations with the applicant or joint applicant
*actual or anticipated project manager or sub-project manager
*direct manager
*blood relation or affinity (up to and including the third degree
*contract of cohabitation (other than a civil partnership
*dean of the applicant’s institute<ref>NWO (2019). Code for Dealing with Personal Interests. Accessed via: https://www.nwo.nl/en/common/subsidies/funding-process-explained/code-for-dealing-with-personal-interests</ref>

Both ZonMw and NWO ask reviewers to declare their COIs. Next, the head of the committee assesses the impact of the declared COIs. He or she can decide if the reviewer cannot assess a particular application, or if he or she should not partake in the review process at all. Subsequently, the committee states whether they agree or disagree with this decision. Moreover, to ensure impartiality, individual reviewers do not get to see each other’s scores. After the review process has concluded, the reviewers assess whether the process has raised new insights into COIs. In the worst case scenario, if the process has been influenced by a reviewer’s COI, the whole review process is redone.
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