View source for Report:29d1a7fc-0809-484c-b91b-f7b02f9dad5c

{{Report
|Report Type=Country Report Cards
|Title=Spain
|Has Location=Spain
|Research Infrastructure=In 2019 there were 135,331 full-time researchers in Spain (1). Spanish National Research Council, a State Agency with the consideration of a Public Research Organization of the Spanish General State Administration, has 120 research institutes out of which 51 are of joint centres with other institutions, primarily universities (2). There are also 8 centres functioning as research support units that provide technical and administrative support to two or more institutes (2). Spain has 75 universities – 50 public and 25 private (3). 
{{{!}} class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}'''Organisation '''
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}'''City '''
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}'''Private  universities'''
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[http://www.uam.es/UAM/Home.htm?language=es Autonomous  University of Madrid]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Madrid
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.uc3m.es/Home University Carlos III of Madrid]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Madrid
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.ucm.es/english Complutense University of Madrid]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Madrid
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.uned.es/universidad/inicio.html National  University of Distance Education]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Madrid
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.upm.es/internacional Polytechnic  University of Madrid]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Madrid
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.urjc.es/ King  Juan Carlos University]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Madrid, Móstoles, Alcorón,  Vicálvaro, Aranjuez, Fuenlabrada
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[http://www.uimp.es/en/ Menéndez  Pelayo International University]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Madrid, Santander, Valencia,  Barcelona, Cartagena, Cuenca, Granada, La Línea de la Concepción, Seville,  Tenerife
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.uab.cat/web/universitat-autonoma-de-barcelona-1345467954774.html Autonomous  University of Barcelona]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Barcelona
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.ub.edu/web/portal/en/ University of  Barcelona]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Barcelona
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.upc.edu/en Polytechnic  University of Catalonia]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Barcelona
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.upf.edu/home Pompeu Fabra University]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Barcelona
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.us.es/ University  of Seville]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Seville
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.upo.es/portal/impe/web/portada/index.html Pablo  de Olavide University]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Seville
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.unia.es/ International  University of Andalucía]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Seville, Palos de la Frontera,  Baeza, Málaga
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.udc.es/en/ori/conoce_la_udc/ University of A  Coruña]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}A Coruña
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.uah.es/en/ University  of Alcalá]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Alcalá de Henares
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.ua.es/ University  of Alicante]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}San Vicente del Raspeig/Sant Vincent  del Raspeig
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.ual.es/ University  of Almería]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Almería
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.ubu.es/english-version University of  Burgos]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Burgos
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.uca.es/ University  of Cádiz]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Cádiz
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://web.unican.es/en/Pages/default.aspx University  of Cantabria]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Santander, Torrelavega, Comillas
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.uclm.es/?sc_lang=en University of  Castilla-La Mancha]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Ciudad Real
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[http://www.uco.es/ University  of Córdoba]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Córdoba
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.unex.es/ University  of Extremadura]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Badajoz, Cáceres, Mérida, Plasencia
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.udg.edu/en/ University  of Girona]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Girona
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.udg.edu/en/ University  of Granada]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Granada
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[http://www.uhu.es/index.php University of Huelva]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Huelva
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.ujaen.es/en University  of Jaén]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Jaén
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.ull.es/en/ University  of La Laguna]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}San Cristóbal de La Laguna
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.unirioja.es/ University of La Rioja]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Logroño
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.english.ulpgc.es/ University of Las Palmas de Gran  Canaria]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.unileon.es/ University  of León]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}León
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[http://www.udl.es/ca/en/ University of Lleida]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Lleida
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.uma.es/#gsc.tab=0 University of Málaga]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Málaga
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.um.es/en/ University  of Murcia]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Murcia
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.uniovi.es/en/inicio University of  Oviedo]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Oviedo
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.usal.es/ University  of Salamanca]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Salamanca
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.usc.gal/en University  of Santiago de Compostela]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Santiago de Compostela
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://universityofvalladolid.uva.es/ University of  Valladolid]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Valladolid
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.uvigo.gal/en University of Vigo]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Vigo, Pontevedra, Ourense
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[http://www.unizar.es/information-institution/name-and-address University  of Zaragoza]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Zaragoza
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.ehu.eus/en/en-home University of  the Basque Country]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Leioa, Bilbao, Portugalete,  Barakaldo, San Sebastián, Eibar, Vitoria-Gasteiz
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.umh.es/?lang=EN Miguel Hernández University of Elche]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Elche, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Altea,  Orihuela
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[http://estudiaencartagena.upct.es/international/english/start/ Politechnic  University of Cartagena]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Cartagena
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[http://www.upv.es/ Polytechnic  University of Valencia]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Valencia
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[http://www.unavarra.es/home Public University of Navarre]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Navarre
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.urv.cat/en/ Rovira  i Virgili University]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Tarragona, Reus, Vila-seca, Tortosa,  El Vendrell
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.uib.cat/ University  of the Balearic Islands]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Palma
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.uv.es/uvweb/college/en/university-valencia-1285845048380.html University  of València]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Valencia
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.uji.es/ Jaume  I University]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Castelló de la Plana
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}'''Private  universities'''
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.udima.es/ Distance  University of Madrid]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Madrid
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.nebrija.com/ Nebrija University]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Madrid
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.ucjc.edu/ Camilo  José Cela University]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Madrid
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://universidadeuropea.com/en/about-ue/madrid/ European  University of Madrid]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Madrid
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[http://www.ufvinternational.com/en/ Francisco de  Vitoria University]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Madrid
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.comillas.edu/en/?jjj=1610445591735 Comillas  Pontifical University]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Madrid
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.ceu.es/ San  Pablo University]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Madrid
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.ie.edu/es/universidad/ IE University]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Madrid, Segovia
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.uax.com/en Alfonso  X El Sabio University]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Madrid, Villanueva de la Cañada
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.uic.es/en International  University of Catalonia]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Barcelona
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.url.edu/en Ramon  Llul University]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Barcelona
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.uaoceu.es/en Abat Oliba CEU University]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Barcelona
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.uoc.edu/portal/en/index.html Open University  of Catalonia]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Barcelona
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.uchceu.com/en CEU Cardinal Herrera University]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Valencia
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.ucv.es/eng/home Valencia Catholic University Saint  Vincent Martyr]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Valencia
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://international.ucam.edu/ Saint Anthony  Catholic University]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Murcia
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.ucavila.es/ Catholic  University of Ávila]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Ávila
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.deusto.es/cs/Satellite/deusto/es/universidad-deusto University  of Deusto]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Bilbao, San Sebastián
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.unav.edu/en/home University of Navarre]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Pamplona
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.uvic.cat/en University  of Vic]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Vic, Manresa
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.uemc.es/ Miguel  de Cervantes European University]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Valladolid
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.unirioja.es/ University of La Rioja]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Logroño
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.mondragon.edu/en/home Mondragon  University]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Mondragón
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.upsa.es/ Pontifical  University of Salamanca]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Salamanca
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="385" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.usj.es/ San  Jorge University]
{{!}} width="366" valign="top"{{!}}Zaragoza
{{!}}}
|Research Funding=In 2019, the gross expenditures on research and development were €15.572 million, which comprises 1.25% of the country’s GDP (4). Most funding was spent in the corporate sector (56.1%), followed by the higher education sector (26.6%), general government sector (17.0%) and the private non-profit sector (0.3%) (5). Spain had 8.137 signed grants receiving €5.82 billion in H2020 (6) and 491 ERC signed grants receiving €664.8 million in H2020 (6).
|Research Strategy=The Spanish Strategy on Science, Technology and Innovation 2013-2020 was launched by the General State Administration and the Regional Administrations in 2012. Since it was created at the time when country was experiencing serious economic difficulties which led to decreasing of funding with respect to public and company investment, the Strategy promotes the capacities of the Spanish Science, Technology and Innovation System and enables collaboration between all the stakeholders of the System while increasing the social and economic returns from investment in Research Development and Innovation (RDI). With regard to this, the Strategy defends the importance of scientific and technological progress as an indisputable element of social progress (7). One of the Strategy’s aims is to define a strategic framework for RDI policies to promote structural reforms, establish incentives and determine the objectives and efforts required to create the RDI capacities that will make Spain a country of innovation, contribute to social and economic progress and reinforce their international leadership in a global setting (7).
|Research Governance=Spain has several bodies for RI – the Ethics Committee of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), the Spanish Research Ethics Committee (CEEI), the National Commission on Assisted Human Reproduction and the Commission for the Donation and Use of Human Cells and Tissues. 

From 2011 the Ethics Committee of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) has been a member of European Network of Research Integrity Office (ENRIO) and responsible for raising awareness of researchers about the importance of research integrity (8). Its aim is also to prevent research misconduct and unacceptable research practices (8). To that end, the Committee has created the [http://enacti2ng-itn.cbm.uam.es/images/Documentation/CBP_CSIC_en.pdf Code of Good Scientific Practices of CSIC], the [https://www.cnb.csic.es/documents/ConflictosInteresCSIC.pdf CSIC Manual of Conflicts of Interest] and the [http://icmab.es/images/gender/Declaracion-nacional-integridad-cientifica.pdf Spanish National Statement of Research Integrity]. CSIC is also responsible for dealing with ethical conflicts. Any individual or institution can bring a case to the attention of the Committee, whose field of competence is limited to CSIC and its employees (8,9). 

There are also a number of Spanish national associations for ethics assessment of research, centred mainly in bioethics and biomedical research. They include the National Association of Research Ethics Committees, the Network of Ethics Committees in Universities and Public Research Centres in Spain and the Spanish Association of Bioethics (10). 

All the autonomous communities have Research Ethics Committees and Research Ethics Committees for drugs that perform the ethical assessment of research projects performed in the region. These committees have a special accreditation regulated by the Royal Decree 1090/2015 (11). The Research Ethics Committees and ad hoc commissions are in charge of settling scientific integrity problems. They are independent and their decisions can be binding, although there is a right of appeal. The official list of proven misconduct regulated by authorities is not publicly available at the moment (12). 

Spanish policies and initiatives to support ethics practices in the private industry mostly concern corporate social responsibility. Any industry can create an independent Research Ethics Committee or ascribe to any existent Research Ethics Committee, but each Research Ethics Committee must be authorized by the regional autonomies through an accreditation process strictly controlled by the health authorities. Large companies may have their own good practices codes, especially in the pharmaceutical sector (10). 

Aside from Research Ethics Committees, professional organizations can also sanction research misconducts. For example, deontological commissions related to the professional organizations act independently to sanction the professionals involved in research misconducting (12). If misconduct affects human beings, Justice system starts a process of investigation (12). 

The protection of whistle-blowers is not addressed in regulations related to RI. There is no specific law on whistle-blower protection for employees in Spain so citizens must personally come forward in order for their claim to be investigated. The only legislative regulation loosely related to whistleblowing is a provision allowing citizens to anonymously report conflicts of interest of high-ranking officials and members of Parliament and a whistle-blower e-mail hotline that allows anonymous reporting of anticompetitive behaviour (13).  
<br />
{{{!}} class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left" width="642"
{{!}} width="302" valign="top" {{!}}'''Bodies for RE+RI'''
{{!}} width="340" valign="top" {{!}}'''Scope'''
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="302" valign="top" {{!}}[https://www.csic.es/en/csic/scientific-integrity-and-ethics-csic/csic-ethics-committee Ethics Committee of the Spanish National Research  Council]
{{!}} width="340" valign="top" {{!}}Investigates,  trains and promotes RI. It also issues reports and formulates recommendations  about ethical and deontological principles related to research activity.
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="302" valign="top" {{!}}[https://eng.isciii.es/eng.isciii.es/Paginas/Inicio.html The  Research Ethics Committee of the Carlos III Health Institute]
{{!}} width="340" valign="top" {{!}}Contributes  to improving the health of all citizens through the promotion of research and  innovation in Health Sciences and Biomedicine and through the provision of  groundbreaking scientific and technical services and educational programmes  directed towards the National Health System.
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="302" valign="top" {{!}}[http://www.comitedebioetica.es/ The Spanish  Bioethics Committee]
{{!}} width="340" valign="top" {{!}}Issues  reports, proposals and recommendations for public authorities at state and  regional level on matters related to the ethical and social implications of  Biomedicine and Health Sciences. It is also responsible for establishing the  general principles for the production of codes of good practice in scientific  research and for representing Spain in supranational and international forums  and bodies involved in bioethics.
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="302" valign="top" {{!}}[https://www.global-regulation.com/translation/spain/1441251/royal-decree-42-2010-of-15-january%252c-which-regulates-the-national-commission-for-assisted-human-reproduction.html The  National Commission on Assisted Human Reproduction]
{{!}} width="340" valign="top" {{!}}Provides  guidance on the use of assisted human reproduction techniques and  collaborates with public administrations with regard to this matter. 
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="302" valign="top" {{!}}[https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2010-18654 The  Commission for the Donation and Use of Human Cells and Tissues]
{{!}} width="340" valign="top" {{!}}Advises  and guides research with biological samples of human embryonic nature and  contributes to the updating and dissemination of scientific and technical  knowledge in this matter.
{{!}}}
<br />
|Law And Regulation=A number of laws regarding RE and RI are officially instated in Spain.
<br />
{{{!}} class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="642"
{{!}} width="301" valign="top" {{!}}'''Law'''
{{!}} width="342" valign="top" {{!}}'''Scope'''
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="301" valign="top" {{!}}[https://www.global-regulation.com/translation/spain/1451484/law-6-2001%252c-of-21-december%252c-on-universities.html Act on Universities (La Ley Orgánica 6/2001  de Universidades)]
{{!}} width="342" valign="top" {{!}}Promotes the action of the General Administration of the State  in the structuring and cohesion of the University system, deepens the  competences of the autonomous communities in the field of higher education,  increases the degree of autonomy of the universities and establishes the  channels needed to strengthen relationships and reciprocal links between  University and society.
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="301" valign="top" {{!}}[https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2011-9617 Law for Science, Technology and Innovation  (Ley 14/2011, de 1 de junio, de la Ciencia, la Tecnología y la Innovación)]
{{!}} width="342" valign="top" {{!}}Deepens the vertebration of relations and the dialogue between  science, technology, innovation and society. 
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="301" valign="top" {{!}}[https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2007-12945 The Law on Biomedical Research (Ley  14/2007, de 3 de julio, de Investigación biomédica)]
{{!}} width="342" valign="top" {{!}}Establishes standards in areas that have not been regulated yet  or that have been fragmentary or unrelated to the changes occurred in recent  years, such as genetic analysis, research with human biological samples, in  particular those of an embryonic nature, or biobanks.
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="301" valign="top" {{!}}[https://www.global-regulation.com/translation/spain/1448886/royal-decree-2132---2004%252c-of-29-october%252c-laying-down-the-requirements-and-procedures-for-the-development-of-research-projects-with-stem-cells-take.html Royal  Decree 2132/2004, Of 29 October,  Laying Down The Requirements And Procedures For The Development Of Research  Projects With Stem Cells Taken From Surplus Pre-Embryos]
<br />
{{!}} width="342" valign="top" {{!}}Regulates the use of the human pre-embryos for the research  purposes.
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="301" valign="top" {{!}}[https://www.global-regulation.com/translation/spain/1446767/order-sco-393-2006%252c-of-8-february%252c-which-establishes-the-organization-and-functioning-of-the-national-stem-cell-bank.html Order  SCO/393/2006, Of 8 February,  Which Establishes The Organization And Functioning Of The National Stem Cell  Bank]
{{!}} width="342" valign="top" {{!}}Establishes the organization and operation of the National Bank  of Cellular Lines.
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="301" valign="top" {{!}}[https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1999-23750 Organic Law 15/1999, of December 13, on the  Protection of Personal Data]
{{!}} width="342" valign="top" {{!}}Guarantees and protects, with regard to the processing of  personal data, the public freedoms and fundamental rights of natural persons,  and in particular their personal and family honour and privacy.
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="301" valign="top" {{!}}[https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2010-18654 Royal Decree 1527/2010, of November 15,  regulating the Guarantees Commission for the Donation and Use of Human Cells  and Tissues and the Registration of Research Projects]
<br />
{{!}} width="342" valign="top" {{!}}Regulates the use of human cells and tissues and the registry of  research projects.
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="301" valign="top" {{!}}[https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2011-18919 Royal Decree 1716/2011 of 18 November  establishing the basic requirements for the authorization and operation of  biobanks for biomedical research and the treatment of biological samples of  human origin, and regulating the operation and organization of the National  Register of Biobanks for biomedical research.]
<br />
{{!}} width="342" valign="top" {{!}}Establishes the basic requirements for authorization and  operation of biobanks for biomedical research.
{{!}}-
{{!}} width="301" valign="top" {{!}}[https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2013-1337 Royal Decree 53/2013 of 1 February laying  down the basic rules applicable for the protection of animals used in  experimentation and other scientific purposes, including teaching.]
<br />
{{!}} width="342" valign="top" {{!}}Establishes the basic rules applicable for the protection of  animals used in experimentation and other scientific purposes, including  teaching. 
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{{!}} width="301" valign="top" {{!}}[https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2013-6271 Law 6/2013, of June 11, amending Law  32/2007, of November 7, for the care of animals, in their exploitation,  transport, experimentation and slaughter.]
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{{!}} width="342" valign="top" {{!}}Establishes a set of principles regarding the care of animals  and the regulation of the corresponding sanctioning regime in case of  non-compliance with animal welfare regulations.
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|Measure=<u>RI training </u>

There is no mandate for RI training but some universities and institutions have integrated a module about research integrity in their existing program about research ethics (Autonomous University of Madrid, University of Barcelona, University of Oviedo and National University of Distance Education). Several members of the CSIC Ethics Committee give lectures regarding research integrity and responsible conduct of research. Research Ethics and Research Integrity have been included as topics in the CSIC Management Training Course aimed to CSIC’s Directors and Managers (8).

<u>RI dialogue and communication</u>

In a Knowledge Transfer study 2010-2012, Spain positioning is about average (56%). Spain is one of the countries with a low level of innovation and weak knowledge translation policies.

(14). Research Results Transfer Offices, that are part of each university, aim to promote and facilitate cooperation in Research and Development activities between researchers and companies (15). 

The academic system is perceived corrupt. Academic corruption survey of 5,725 people who studied in 11 European countries showed the highest levels of perceived corruption in Ukraine and Spain (16). Since 2002, the percentage of the population understanding science and technology as bringing more benefits than harms keeps growing every year (17). The research integrity s occasionally discussed in the lay press. The most relevant newspapers at the national level (EL Pais and El Mundo) published several articles about cases of scientific misconduct in Spain.

<u>RI incentives</u>

Spain provides Research and Development tax relief through a hybrid tax credit and social security contributions exemption for qualified research staff. Both of these incentives are mutually exclusive in their use except for innovative small and medium-sized enterprises (18).  
{{{!}} class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
{{!}} width="376" valign="top"{{!}}'''Initiatives'''
{{!}} width="376" valign="top"{{!}}'''Scope'''
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{{!}} width="376" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.csic.es/en/training-and-employment/training-research-personnel CSIC Management Training Course]
{{!}} width="376" valign="top"{{!}}Training
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{{!}} width="376" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.enac.es/web/english The National Accreditation Entity]
{{!}} width="376" valign="top"{{!}}Accreditation
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{{!}} width="376" valign="top"{{!}}[https://www.ciencia.gob.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=82957edcc0186610VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD&lang_choosen=en The National Research Award]
{{!}} width="376" valign="top"{{!}}Support
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