What is this about? (Is About)
From The Embassy of Good Science
A short summary providing some details about the theme/resource (max. 75 words)
- ⧼SA Foundation Data Type⧽: Text
H
<div>This framework was completed and submitted to the Council of Europe in September 2021. It presents an end-to-end approach to the assurance of AI project lifecycles that integrates context-based risk analysis and appropriate stakeholder engagement with comprehensive impact assessment, and transparent risk management, impact mitigation, and innovation assurance practices. Taken together, these interlocking processes constitute a Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law Assurance Framework (HUDERAF). The HUDERAF combines the procedural requirements for principles-based human rights due diligence with the governance mechanisms needed to set up technical and socio-technical guardrails for responsible and trustworthy AI innovation practices. Its purpose is to provide an accessible and user-friendly set of mechanisms for facilitating compliance with a binding legal framework on artificial intelligence, based on the Council of Europe's standards on human rights, democracy, and the rule of law, and to ensure that AI innovation projects are carried out with appropriate levels of public accountability, transparency, and democratic governance.</div><div></div> +
This online training consists of various materials regarding human subject research. It includes website intended for people who do research work in communities, book on ethical questions involving research with humans, multimedia mini tutorials, videos and webinars. It also provides resources for the public on participating in research. +
HERA is a network that includes 26 national funding agencies with aim of leading and developing funding opportunities for humanities researchers in Europe. Together with the European Commission, HERA has funded 55 transnational humanities-focused projects. +
This set of guidelines from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences includes fundamental moral and ethical principles of scientific research, as well as more concrete and applied guidance on day-to-day matters of research like avoiding falsification, fabrication, plagiarism; fair authorship procedures; and reporting violations of ethical research practices.
What sets this document apart from others is its extensive guidance for the nation's Science Ethics Committee that adjudicates and oversees investigations of ethics violations. Committee members are directed to issue consequence proportional to the "seriousness" of the act; to base their investigation on the principles of objectivity, completeness, and "exact exploration;" to maintain confidentiality; and to presume innocence. +
Hungarian Decree on the system of integrity management at public administration bodies and the procedural rules of receiving lobbyists +
Although not aimed at research integrity, this decree targets all public institutions (with the exception of the law enforcement and military agencies). It aims to ensure integrity, or the adherence to regulations and standards, within organizations, and prevent corruption or undue influence through external factors. +
I
IANUS is a Horizon Europe funded project focused on strengthening justified trust in science, research, and innovation through inclusive and co-creative approaches that reflect societal needs and values. Emphasizing value-driven and participatory research, it encourages scientists to address global challenges while staying responsive to public concerns. Building on insights from related initiatives, IANUS analyzes the dynamics of trust in science, develops conceptual frameworks, and promotes engagement between researchers and citizens. By offering policy recommendations and creating interactive platforms for collaboration, the project aims to rebuild confidence in the scientific community and foster stronger connections between science and society. +
The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) is unique in bringing together the regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical industry to discuss scientific and technical aspects of pharmaceuticals and develop ICH guidelines. ICH's mission is to achieve greater harmonisation worldwide to ensure that safe, effective and high quality medicines are developed, and registered and maintained in the most resource efficient manner whilst meeting high standards. +
IFLA Statement on Open Access to Scholarly Literature and Research Documentation (2003), International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) +
The IFLA Statement on Open Access to Scholarly Literature and Research Documentation (2003), produced by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA), provides international guidance on making openness the default in scholarly communication, balanced by considerations of ethics, privacy, intellectual property, and security. It links open access to improved research quality, reproducibility, speed of translation, and equitable knowledge sharing, particularly for communities with limited subscription access. Core elements include clear routes to open access, Creative Commons licensing, persistent identifiers, repository deposition of accepted manuscripts, and the use of FAIR data principles supported by data management plans specifying stewardship, metadata, and repository choice. The statement defines responsibilities for authors (rights retention, funding acknowledgment), institutions (training, repository services), funders (sustainable infrastructure), and publishers (rights support, interoperability, machine-readable metadata). Embargoes are discouraged but permitted with transparent justification, and sensitive or commercial data may require secure governance. Supporting infrastructure such as repositories, registries, and discovery systems ensures visibility and compliance, while alignment with initiatives like Plan S and the European Open Science Cloud embeds practices in a global ecosystem. Emphasis is placed on the quality of openness metadata, links, methods, and data/code sharing and on equity, reducing author costs and promoting community-owned platforms. +
IFLA Statement on Open Access to Scholarly Literature and Research Documentation (2003), International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) +
The ''IFLA Statement on Open Access to Scholarly Literature and Research Documentation'' (2003) sets out international expectations for open science and open access, providing practical guidance for researchers, institutions, funders, publishers, and policymakers. It frames openness as the default, tempered by ethics, privacy, intellectual property, and security, and promotes equitable, global access to knowledge. The document emphasizes open access to publications through trusted repositories, preferred licensing such as Creative Commons, use of persistent identifiers, and FAIR data principles supported by data management plans. Responsibilities are outlined for authors, institutions, and funders, including rights retention, transparent waivers for embargoes, and investment in shared infrastructure. Assessment prioritizes quality of openness, including metadata, reproducibility, and code sharing. Equity and inclusion are central, with attention to affordability and multilingual communication. Overall, the statement provides a coherent benchmark and actionable roadmap, aligning local practices with international norms to advance transparency, accountability, and equitable research access. +
This initiative aims collect, classify and share initiatives to foster research integrity and to inspire others to implement such initiatives. It emphasizes that exchange and mutual learning between stakeholders in research would help them strengthen their initiatives. +
Part of the INSPIRE project was to develop a checklist to assess and classify initiatives that foster responsible research practices. Following a Delphi method including two online surveys and a workshop, a checklist was drafted, piloted and revised until consensus among the INSPIRE team was achieved. The result is an extensive yet practical checklist that can be used by many stakeholders and for multiple purposes. +
INTEGRITY: Empowering students for Responsible Research Conduct (RCR) through evidence-based, scaffolded learning. +
This course on Research Integrity for High school students consists of 9 modules, each of which has been designed to address the main research integrity issues of most relevance to secondary school students. Empowerment of the student for responsible research conduct is at the core of the INTEGRITY course and each of the modules.
The different modules present concrete situations representing different integrity challenges that touch different core integrity issues such as relialability, honesty, respect and accountability.
Although it is recommended to follow the order of the modules and module timelines, the teacher has a high degree of flexibility with this. This flexibility will allow the teacher to adopt alternative pedagogical approaches and alternative module timelines which are more appropriate to the particular circumstances of the student cohort, class timetable, and any other school requirements.
[[File:High school course logo.png|center|frame]]
This course was developed in the [https://community.embassy.science/c/integrity/26 H2020 INTEGRITY project] by Mariëtte van den Hoven, Miriam van Loon, Hesther van Gulick and Eline Borsboom, and funded by EU H2020.
<br /> +
ISEED (Inclusive Science & European Democracies) is a Horizon 2020 research project (2021–2024) that explores how lessons from citizen science can be used to foster more inclusive, deliberative democracies in Europe. It investigates democratic participation along four dimensions , knowledge, institutions, technology, and emotion using empirical research like focus groups, discourse analysis, and digital tool development. Led by Ca’ Foscari University of Venice and involving partners across Europe and beyond, ISEED runs experiments and co-creates mechanisms for citizen engagement, especially around science-based policy debates such as climate change and public health. +
<span lang="EN-GB">Image alteration with the intent of distorting scientific experiment results is considered a serious research misconduct (Parrish et Noonan, 2009). These manipulations encompass various techniques, such as cropping, colour adjustment, selective enhancement, and duplication, among other techniques (Rossner et Yamada, 2004).</span>
'''References'''
*<span lang="EN-GB">Parrish D, Noonan B. Image manipulation as research misconduct. Sci Eng Ethics. 2009 Jun;15(2):161-7. doi: 10.1007/s11948-008-9108-z. Epub 2009 Jan 6. PMID: 19125357.</span>
*<span lang="EN-GB">Rossner M, Yamada KM. What's in a picture? The temptation of image manipulation. J Cell Biol. 2004 Jul 5;166(1):11-5. doi: 10.1083/jcb.200406019. PMID: 15240566; PMCID: PMC2172141.</span> +
The case describes how an image manipulation scandal evolved in Italy. Enrico Bucci's company was offering publication of meta-analysis services. Bucci had detected the images of gel-electrophoresis analysis contained anomalies while conducting a global search to exclude contaminated literature from his database. A list of such papers were authored by Alfredo Fusco. Out of around 300 papers on which Fusco was first or last author, the team found 53 containing gels with potential irregularities, including one from as far back as 1985. After discovering that there was no academic organization in Italy that dealt with such findings, in February 2012 Bucci contacted the Milan police. +
As managing editor, I view all manuscripts before they are assigned to an editor. Within a 4 week period, I have detected five manuscripts where photographs of either gels or plant materials were used twice or three times in the same manuscript. These manuscripts were immediately rejected.
However, we are not convinced that these are cases of deliberate misleading of the scientific community. It rather seems to us that many laboratories consider photographs as illustrations that can be manipulated, and not as original data. Thus gels are often cleaned of impurities, bands are cut out and photographs of plant material only serve to show what the authors want to demonstrate, and the material does not necessarily originate from the experiment in question.
When the editor-in-chief rejected such a manuscript, a typical response was: “I am surprised by the question and problem you pointed out in our manuscript. I checked the pictures you mentioned and I agree that they are really identical. But please be reminded that the purpose of these gel pictures was only to show the different types of banding pattern, and the gels of a few specific types were not very clear, so my PhD student repeatedly used the clearer ones. This misleading usage does not have an influence on data statistics or the final conclusion”. +
The video provides a brief introduction about problematics related to image manipulation. This video explains the research on image manipulation in the Humboldt-Elsevier Advanced Data and Text Center in Berlin. +
This article addresses challenges in implementing RRI in research practice. With this aim, authors of the article developed a card-based method - IMAGINE RRI, which should encourage researchers to adopt RRI in their research practice. Also, researchers should reflect on how their institutional framework encourages or discourages RRI practices. +
Conducting participatory fieldwork with children can result in a researcher becoming involved in their lives more broadly, blurring the lines around the researcher role. This may be particularly the case when working with children in precarious situations, such as AIDS-affected children, parentless children, child beggars, child laborers, and street children. As educated, relatively wealthy, interested and supportive adults, researchers appear to hold considerable power and children may see this as a potential benefit or asset that could help to improve their situation. Researchers who undertake research with children in these sorts of contexts are generally motived by social justice and seek through their work to help improve the conditions of these children’s lives and others like them. These underlying motivations – a desire to be helped and a desire to help – can create added ethical complexity to participatory research relationships, particularly in relation to expectations, safety and capacity. In this case study, which is somewhat connected to my case study in the Payment and Compensation section on reciprocity in participatory research with children, I draw on an example of an incident involving the police and street children that occurred when I was undertaking participatory research in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. +
