France

From The Embassy of Good Science
Based on the document Report:E25203e2-0465-4272-9f37-1f299810864b which was published on 2022-11-28T13:12:58 on the website "Embassy of Good Science" under the URL https://embassy.science/wiki/Report:E25203e2-0465-4272-9f37-1f299810864b, the research ifrastructure of {{{Display_Title}}} is described as follows: In 2016, there were 431,000 full-time researchers in France [1]. France has three types of higher education institutions: Universities, Grandes écoles, and specialized schools [2]. There are 27 COMUEs – public institutions that bring together and coordinate higher education and research institutions in the same academic or inter-academic area [3].

Apart from that, France has 34 public institutions of scientific and technological character, public industrial and commercial establishments, foundations and special institutes in France [4] as well as 4 National Research Alliances, thematic groupings of research organizations and higher education institutions [5].

Higher education institutions that provide university degrees, including a doctorate [6], are listed below in the table.

Organisation City
Public higher education institutions
AgroSup Dijon  Dijon
Aix-Marseille University Marseille
Arts and Métiers Institute of Technology Paris
Avignon University Avignon
Bordeaux INP Bordeaux
Centrale Lille Institute Villeneuve-d'Ascq
Central Lyon Lyon
Marseille Central Marseille,
Central Nantes Nantes
National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts Paris
CY Cergy Paris University Paris  
School of Advanced Studies in Public Health Rennes, Paris
School of Advanced Studies in Social Sciences (Ehess) Paris
ParisTech Bridge School Paris
National Engineering School of Brest (ENIB) Plouzané
National Engineering School of Saint-Etienne (ENISE)  Saint-Etienne                                                 
National School of Civil Aviation Biscarrosse, Carcassonne, Castelnaudary, Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban, Grenoble, Melun, Montpellier, Muret, Saint-Yan, Toulouse
Brittany National School of Architecture Ecole, Toulouse
Montpellier National School of Architecture Grande ecole
Nantes National School of Architecture Nantes
Toulouse National School of Architecture Toulouse
Bordeaux National School of Architecture and Landscape Talence
Montpellier National School of Chemistry (ENSCM) Montpellier
Rennes National School of Chemistry Rennes
Lyon Higher Normal School Lyon
Rennes Higher Normal School Rennes
ENSICaen (National School of Engineers of Caen) Caen
ENSMM (National School of Mechanics and Microengineering of Besançon) Besançon
GENES - ENSAI (Group of National Schools of Economics and Statistics - National School of Statistics and Information Analysis) Palaiseau


IFPEN - IFP School (French Institute of New Energy Petroleum) Rueil-Malmaison
INALCO (National Institute of Oriental Languages ​​and Civilizations) Paris
INP Toulouse Toulouse
INSA Center Val-de-Loire Blois, Bourges
INSA Lyon Villeurbanne, Lyon
INSA Rennes Rennes
INSA Rouen Rouen
INSA Toulouse Toulouse
Agro Institute Paris
Institut Mines Telecom (for its 4 internal schools: Mines Albi-Carmaux, Mines d'Alès, Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, IMT Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire) Albi, Alès, Brest, Douai, Evry, Lille, Nancy, Nantes, Paris, Saint-Étienne,Sophia-Antipolis

                    

Polytechnic Institute of Paris Paris
ISAE - ENSMA (National School of Mechanics and Aerotechnics) Chasseneuil-du-Poitou
ISAE - SUPAERO  Toulouse
La Rochelle University La Rochelle
Le Mans University Le Mans
National Museum of Natural History (MNHN) Paris
ONIRIS Nantes (National Veterinary, Food and Food School) Nantes
Sorbonne University Paris
Bordeaux Montaigne University Bordeaux
Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University Lyon
Clermont Auvergne University Clermont-Ferrand
Côte d'Azur University Nice
University of Angers Angers
University of Artois Arras
University of Evry Val d'Essonne Evry
University of Orleans Orléans
University of Bordeaux Bordeaux
University of Burgundy Dijon
University of Western Brittany Brest
University of South Brittany  Lorient , Vannes,Pontivy
University of Caen Normandie Caen
University of Corsica Pasquale Paoli Corte
University of Franche-Comté Besançon
University of Guyana Cayenne
University of Haute-Alsace Mulhouse, Colmar
University of New Caledonia Nouméa
University of Reunion Saint-Denis
University of Lille Lille
University of Limoges Limoges
University of Lorraine Nancy, Metz
University of Montpellier Montpellier
University of Nantes Nantes
University of Nîmes Nîmes
University of Paris Paris
University of Pau and the Pays de l'Adour Pau, Bayonne, Tarbes, Mont de Marsan
University of Perpignan - Via Domitia Perpignan
University of Picardy Jules Verne Amiens
University of Poitiers Poitiers
University of French Polynesia Puna'auia
University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims
University of Rennes 1 Rennes
University of Rouen Normandy Rouen
University of Strasbourg Strasbourg
Belfort Montbéliard University of Technology Belfort, Sevenans, Montbéliard
University of Technology of Compiègne Compiègne
Troyes University of Technology Troyes
University of Toulon Toulon
University of Tours Tours
University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin en Yvelines Versailles
University of the West Indies  Pointe-à-Pitre, Saint-Claude, Schœlcher
Coastal Opal Coast University Boulogne sur Mer, Calais, Dunkerque, Saint-Omer, Pas-de-Calais
Grenoble Alpes University Grenoble, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, Gières
Gustave Eiffel University Marne la Vallée
Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne University Saint-Étienne
Jean Moulin Lyon 3 University Lyon
Le Havre Normandy University Le Havre
Lumière University - Lyon 2 Lyon
Panthéon-Assas University Paris
Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne University Paris
Paris 8 University - Vincennes - Saint-Denis Saint-Denis
Paris Nanterre University Nanterre
Paris Sciences and Letters University Paris
Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne University Créteil
Paris-Saclay University Paris
Paul-Valéry University - Montpellier 3 Montpellier
Hauts-de-France Polytechnic University Valenciennes
Rennes 2 University Rennes
Savoie Mont Blanc University Annecy, Chambéry
Sorbonne Nouvelle University - Paris 3 Paris
Sorbonne Paris North University Villetaneuse, Saint-Denis, Bobigny
Toulouse-I Capitole University Toulouse
Toulouse-II Jean Jaurès University Toulouse
Toulouse-III Paul Sabatier University Toulouse
VetAgro Sup (Institute of higher education and research in food, animal health, agronomic and environmental sciences) Lyon
Private higher education institutions
ESCP Europe Business School Paris
HEC Paris Jouy-en-Josas
Sciences Po Paris Paris, Nancy, Dijon, Poitiers, Menton, Le Havre, Reims
  1. République Française Campus France. Research and Development Spending France in 5th Place Among OECD Countries. 2019 April 2. [cited 2021 April 8]. Available from: https://www.campusfrance.org/en/depenses-recherche-developpement-france-5-position-dird
  2. République Française Campus France. Research and Development Spending France in 5th Place Among OECD Countries. 2019 April 2. [cited 2021 April 8]. Available from: https://www.campusfrance.org/en/depenses-recherche-developpement-france-5-position-dird
  3. République Française Campus France. Research and Development Spending France in 5th Place Among OECD Countries. 2019 April 2. [cited 2021 April 8]. Available from: https://www.campusfrance.org/en/depenses-recherche-developpement-france-5-position-dird
  4. République Française Campus France. Research and Development Spending France in 5th Place Among OECD Countries. 2019 April 2. [cited 2021 April 8]. Available from: https://www.campusfrance.org/en/depenses-recherche-developpement-france-5-position-dird
  5. Alliance nationale de recherche pour l’environnement. Other national research alliances. [cited 2021 July 16]. Available from: https://www.allenvi.fr/allenvi/autres-alliances-de-recherche
  6. Ministère de L’Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de L’Innovation. Higher education institutions accredited to award the doctorate. Last updated 2020 May 24. [cited 2021 July 16]. Available from: https://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/cid148415/etablissements-enseignement-superieur-francais-accredites-delivrer-doctorat.html

France

Where

Research infrastructure

In 2016, there were 431,000 full-time researchers in France [1]. France has three types of higher education institutions: Universities, Grandes écoles, and specialized schools [2]. There are 27 COMUEs – public institutions that bring together and coordinate higher education and research institutions in the same academic or inter-academic area [3].

Apart from that, France has 34 public institutions of scientific and technological character, public industrial and commercial establishments, foundations and special institutes in France [4] as well as 4 National Research Alliances, thematic groupings of research organizations and higher education institutions [5].

Higher education institutions that provide university degrees, including a doctorate [6], are listed below in the table.

Organisation City
Public higher education institutions
AgroSup Dijon  Dijon
Aix-Marseille University Marseille
Arts and Métiers Institute of Technology Paris
Avignon University Avignon
Bordeaux INP Bordeaux
Centrale Lille Institute Villeneuve-d'Ascq
Central Lyon Lyon
Marseille Central Marseille,
Central Nantes Nantes
National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts Paris
CY Cergy Paris University Paris  
School of Advanced Studies in Public Health Rennes, Paris
School of Advanced Studies in Social Sciences (Ehess) Paris
ParisTech Bridge School Paris
National Engineering School of Brest (ENIB) Plouzané
National Engineering School of Saint-Etienne (ENISE)  Saint-Etienne                                                 
National School of Civil Aviation Biscarrosse, Carcassonne, Castelnaudary, Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban, Grenoble, Melun, Montpellier, Muret, Saint-Yan, Toulouse
Brittany National School of Architecture Ecole, Toulouse
Montpellier National School of Architecture Grande ecole
Nantes National School of Architecture Nantes
Toulouse National School of Architecture Toulouse
Bordeaux National School of Architecture and Landscape Talence
Montpellier National School of Chemistry (ENSCM) Montpellier
Rennes National School of Chemistry Rennes
Lyon Higher Normal School Lyon
Rennes Higher Normal School Rennes
ENSICaen (National School of Engineers of Caen) Caen
ENSMM (National School of Mechanics and Microengineering of Besançon) Besançon
GENES - ENSAI (Group of National Schools of Economics and Statistics - National School of Statistics and Information Analysis) Palaiseau


IFPEN - IFP School (French Institute of New Energy Petroleum) Rueil-Malmaison
INALCO (National Institute of Oriental Languages ​​and Civilizations) Paris
INP Toulouse Toulouse
INSA Center Val-de-Loire Blois, Bourges
INSA Lyon Villeurbanne, Lyon
INSA Rennes Rennes
INSA Rouen Rouen
INSA Toulouse Toulouse
Agro Institute Paris
Institut Mines Telecom (for its 4 internal schools: Mines Albi-Carmaux, Mines d'Alès, Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, IMT Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire) Albi, Alès, Brest, Douai, Evry, Lille, Nancy, Nantes, Paris, Saint-Étienne,Sophia-Antipolis

                    

Polytechnic Institute of Paris Paris
ISAE - ENSMA (National School of Mechanics and Aerotechnics) Chasseneuil-du-Poitou
ISAE - SUPAERO  Toulouse
La Rochelle University La Rochelle
Le Mans University Le Mans
National Museum of Natural History (MNHN) Paris
ONIRIS Nantes (National Veterinary, Food and Food School) Nantes
Sorbonne University Paris
Bordeaux Montaigne University Bordeaux
Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University Lyon
Clermont Auvergne University Clermont-Ferrand
Côte d'Azur University Nice
University of Angers Angers
University of Artois Arras
University of Evry Val d'Essonne Evry
University of Orleans Orléans
University of Bordeaux Bordeaux
University of Burgundy Dijon
University of Western Brittany Brest
University of South Brittany  Lorient , Vannes,Pontivy
University of Caen Normandie Caen
University of Corsica Pasquale Paoli Corte
University of Franche-Comté Besançon
University of Guyana Cayenne
University of Haute-Alsace Mulhouse, Colmar
University of New Caledonia Nouméa
University of Reunion Saint-Denis
University of Lille Lille
University of Limoges Limoges
University of Lorraine Nancy, Metz
University of Montpellier Montpellier
University of Nantes Nantes
University of Nîmes Nîmes
University of Paris Paris
University of Pau and the Pays de l'Adour Pau, Bayonne, Tarbes, Mont de Marsan
University of Perpignan - Via Domitia Perpignan
University of Picardy Jules Verne Amiens
University of Poitiers Poitiers
University of French Polynesia Puna'auia
University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims
University of Rennes 1 Rennes
University of Rouen Normandy Rouen
University of Strasbourg Strasbourg
Belfort Montbéliard University of Technology Belfort, Sevenans, Montbéliard
University of Technology of Compiègne Compiègne
Troyes University of Technology Troyes
University of Toulon Toulon
University of Tours Tours
University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin en Yvelines Versailles
University of the West Indies  Pointe-à-Pitre, Saint-Claude, Schœlcher
Coastal Opal Coast University Boulogne sur Mer, Calais, Dunkerque, Saint-Omer, Pas-de-Calais
Grenoble Alpes University Grenoble, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, Gières
Gustave Eiffel University Marne la Vallée
Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne University Saint-Étienne
Jean Moulin Lyon 3 University Lyon
Le Havre Normandy University Le Havre
Lumière University - Lyon 2 Lyon
Panthéon-Assas University Paris
Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne University Paris
Paris 8 University - Vincennes - Saint-Denis Saint-Denis
Paris Nanterre University Nanterre
Paris Sciences and Letters University Paris
Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne University Créteil
Paris-Saclay University Paris
Paul-Valéry University - Montpellier 3 Montpellier
Hauts-de-France Polytechnic University Valenciennes
Rennes 2 University Rennes
Savoie Mont Blanc University Annecy, Chambéry
Sorbonne Nouvelle University - Paris 3 Paris
Sorbonne Paris North University Villetaneuse, Saint-Denis, Bobigny
Toulouse-I Capitole University Toulouse
Toulouse-II Jean Jaurès University Toulouse
Toulouse-III Paul Sabatier University Toulouse
VetAgro Sup (Institute of higher education and research in food, animal health, agronomic and environmental sciences) Lyon
Private higher education institutions
ESCP Europe Business School Paris
HEC Paris Jouy-en-Josas
Sciences Po Paris Paris, Nancy, Dijon, Poitiers, Menton, Le Havre, Reims
  1. République Française Campus France. Research and Development Spending France in 5th Place Among OECD Countries. 2019 April 2. [cited 2021 April 8]. Available from: https://www.campusfrance.org/en/depenses-recherche-developpement-france-5-position-dird
  2. République Française Campus France. Research and Development Spending France in 5th Place Among OECD Countries. 2019 April 2. [cited 2021 April 8]. Available from: https://www.campusfrance.org/en/depenses-recherche-developpement-france-5-position-dird
  3. République Française Campus France. Research and Development Spending France in 5th Place Among OECD Countries. 2019 April 2. [cited 2021 April 8]. Available from: https://www.campusfrance.org/en/depenses-recherche-developpement-france-5-position-dird
  4. République Française Campus France. Research and Development Spending France in 5th Place Among OECD Countries. 2019 April 2. [cited 2021 April 8]. Available from: https://www.campusfrance.org/en/depenses-recherche-developpement-france-5-position-dird
  5. Alliance nationale de recherche pour l’environnement. Other national research alliances. [cited 2021 July 16]. Available from: https://www.allenvi.fr/allenvi/autres-alliances-de-recherche
  6. Ministère de L’Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de L’Innovation. Higher education institutions accredited to award the doctorate. Last updated 2020 May 24. [cited 2021 July 16]. Available from: https://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/cid148415/etablissements-enseignement-superieur-francais-accredites-delivrer-doctorat.html

Research funding

In 2018, the gross expenditures on research and development were €51.8 billion, which comprises 2.2% of the country’s GDP [1]. Most funding was spent in the business sector (65.41%), higher education (20.5%), government (12.5%) and private non-profit organisations (1.59%) [1].

France had 7 488 grants receiving €6.9 billion funding from H2020 [2]. It also had 878 ERC signed grants receiving €1.46 billion from H2020 [2].

  1. 1.0 1.1 Unesco Institute for Statistics. Science, technology and innovation. [cited 2021 April 8]. Available from: http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SCN_DS&lang=en
  2. 2.0 2.1 H2020 Country Profile. [cited 2021 April 8]. Available from: https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/dashboard/sense/app/a976d168-2023-41d8-acec-e77640154726/sheet/0c8af38b-b73c-4da2-ba41-73ea34ab7ac4/state/analysis/select/Country/France

Research strategy

In 2013, France launched the research strategy France Europe 2020 A Strategic Agenda for Research, Technology Transfer and Innovation. The scope of the Strategy is to enable all areas of research in France better tackling on the scientific, technological, economic and societal challenges. It proposed nine lines of actions to achieve this scope: mobilise the research community around major societal challenges, reforge the research coordination and guidance system in France, promote technological research, develop digital training and infrastructures, foster innovation and technology transfer, ensure uptake on the scientific culture, develop programming suited to the major priorities in research and innovation, build consistency between sites and heighten the presence of French research in Europe and abroad [1][2].  

  1. Ministère de L’éducation Nationale, de L’enseignement Supérieur et de La Recherche. France Europe 2020. A Strategic Agenda for Research, Technology Transfer and Innovation. May 2013. [cited 2021 April 8]. Available from: https://cache.media.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/file/France-Europe_2020/18/3/AgendaStategique02-07-2013-EnglishLight_262183.pdf
  2. Ministère de L’éducation Nationale, de L’enseignement Supérieur et de La Recherche. Stratégie nationale de recherché. France Europe 2020.  [cited 2021 April 8]. Available from: https://cache.media.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/file/Strategie_Recherche/26/9/strategie_nationale_recherche_397269.pdf

Research governance, compliance and integrity

National charter for research integrity was introduced in 2015. It is aligned with European Charter for Researchers, Singapore Statement on Research Integrity and European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity. The Charter addresses compliance with legislative and regulatory requirements, reliability of research work, communication, responsibility in collective work, impartiality and independence in assessment and expertise, collaborative work and plurality of activities, and training. By the end of April 2019, more than 45 research institutions signed the Charter agreeing to abide by seven principles in the field of professional ethics [1].

In 2017, the French Office for Research Integrity (OFIS) was established as a department of High Council for Evaluation of Research and Higher Education. Its purpose is threefold:

-       Monitoring, particularly in the context of the new forms that research is taking (participatory science, big data, data reuse, open science);

-       Observation of compliance with the code of ethics for research professions by the institutions that have adopted it since 2015;

-       Coordination of national scientific communities on issues of scientific integrity, particularly through the network of advisers in the establishments that have signed the charter.

The OFIS benefits from the conditions to guarantee its independence to support, coordinate and facilitate the action of higher education and research establishments which have signed the charter [2].

OFIS is the national advisory body on research integrity in France [1]. The French Advisory Board for Research Integrity guides and oversees the work of the OFIS [3]. The National Consultative Ethics Committee for Health and Life Sciences (CCNE) has an advisory role in dealing with ethical concerns in the community [4]. Further, the National Committee for Ethics in Animal Research brought up a National charter on the ethics of animal experimentation. There are 39 Ethics Committees in France. These Committees of Protection of Persons (CPP) are divided up into 7 regions all over the country [4].

Research institutions, such as universities, the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) and the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), are obliged to prevent and handle misconduct cases. Generally, these institutions have investigatory and decision-making authority [1].

The French legal system provides protection for whistle-blowers. “Sapin II” law from 2016 requires that companies establish internal whistleblowing hotlines which would allow employees to report violations of the corporate code of conduct. Disclosure of confidential information about whistle-blowers or alleged violators may be punishable by two years of incarceration or a fine of €300,000 [5]. This can be applied in private companies with at least 50 employees [6].

Bodies for RE+RI Scope
The French Office for Scientific Integrity (OFIS) Provides support to higher education and research institutions, observes implementation of the National charter, contributes to the promotion of research integrity at the national and international level.
Ethics Committees (Committees for the Protection of Persons)


Have responsibility for decisions concerning interventional studies, standard of care studies, medical and other health products and further research areas.
The National Consultative Ethics Committee for Health and Life Sciences (CCNE)


Has an advisory role in dealing with ethical concerns in the community. All issues of medically assisted procreation and experiments on humans have to be addressed by the CCNE.
The National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS)


Conducts research, transfers research results, trains through research and contributes to scientific policy.
The National Commission on Animal Experimentation (CNEA)


Promotes good practices in breeding, care and handling of laboratory animals.
Parliamentary Office for evaluation

of scientific and technological options (OPECST)

Informs Parliament of scientific and technological options in order to make its decisions clear. It collects information, launches study programmes and carries out assessments.
The High Council on Biotechnology - Scientific Committee and Economic, Ethical and Social Committee


Advises the French government on issues relating to GMOs and other types of biotechnology.
The Parliamentary Office for Scientific and Technological Assessment


Collects information, launches study programmes and carries out assessments in order to inform Parliament of the consequences of the choice of scientific and technological options.
Council of Deontology - French Ministry of Education, Higher Education and Research Takes part in a network of national bodies competent in matters of deontology, ethics and integrity.
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Enrio. Country Report France. Last Update 2019 May. [cited 2021 April 8]. Available from: http://www.enrio.eu/country-reports/france/
  2. Hcéres. Installation of the French Office for Scientific Integrity. 2017 Oct 26. [cited 2021 July 12]. Available from: https://www.hceres.fr/fr/actualites/installation-de-loffice-francais-de-lintegrite-scientifique
  3. Hcéres. Installation of the French Office for Scientific Integrity. 2017 Oct 26. [cited 2021 July 12]. Available from: https://www.hceres.fr/fr/actualites/installation-de-loffice-francais-de-lintegrite-scientifique
  4. 4.0 4.1 Eurec. National information: France. [cited 2021 April 8]. Available from:  http://www.eurecnet.org/information/france.html
  5. Neboga K, Gordienko N. France’s new Sapin-II anti-corruption law: recommendations for French companies operating in the CIS. Deloitte CIS Forensic 2017. [cited 2021 April 8]. Available from: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ru/Documents/finance/sapin_II_en.pdf
  6. Neboga K, Gordienko N. France’s new Sapin-II anti-corruption law: recommendations for French companies operating in the CIS. Deloitte CIS Forensic 2017. [cited 2021 April 8]. Available from: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ru/Documents/finance/sapin_II_en.pdf

Laws and regulations

A number of laws regarding RE and RI are officially instated in France.

Law Scope
New Jardé Decree Applying from 17 November 2016 Specifies the methods of conducting research involving humans.
Order on the ethical evaluation and authorization of projects involving the use of animals in procedures


Specifies the methods of conducting research involving animals.
Rural and Maritime Fishing Code, Articles R214-117 to R214-127 Supports research, innovation and development, especially the bio-based products and plant chemistry sectors. It aims to develop added value in agricultural and food sectors, strengthen France's export capacity, contribute to the protection of the public health and health of farmers and employees in the agricultural sector, etc.
Code of the Environment Provides rules concerning the preservation of natural resources, monitoring of hazardous activities,  environmental assessment and public information on project.
Order of March 1, 2018 relating to the College of Ethics within the Ministry of Higher Education and Research Gives opinion on the general issues relating to the application of the obligations and ethical principles in the services and establishments within the Ministry of Higher Education and Research. It recommends measures for enforcing ethical obligations and preventing or stopping a conflict of interest situation.

Measures to promote good scientific practices and open science

RI training

French Office for Research Integrity (OFIS) offers training to integrity officers (17)[1]. Documents for RI training used in France are:

-European Code of Conduct

-National Charter for Research Integrity

-Signature of Scientific Publications: Good Practices (Inserm)

-Ethics and Scientific Integrity Charter of the ANR

-Integrity and responsibility in research practices (CNRS-CPU)

-Scientific integrity guideline (CNRS, 2018)

-Guide for collecting and processing reports relating to scientific integrity

There are also training courses in research ethics and integrity – the MOOC “Research Integrity in Research Professions” (18)[2] and the MOOC centered on research ethics, mainly intended for doctoral students. It was designed within the Research Ethics Platform of the University of Lyon (19)[3].

RI dialogue and communication

The OFIS organizes the annual meeting of signatories of the French Charter of research deontology in which the universities and the other research institutions exchange policies, procedures and share their needs with OFIS (17)[1].

Lay press occasionally discusses research integrity. News is usually related to cases of research fraud and academic corruption (Le Monde and Les Echos). Public perception of science was shaken and diminished when several cases of research fraud were published in the media (20)[4]. This brought up an initiative by the Ministry of Higher Education and Science to create the propositions for the implementation of the National Charter for the Research Integrity (21)[5]. The document “Overview and propositions of implementation of the charter” by Pierre Corvol was also presented in the press by the Minister of Higher Education and Research in 2016 (enrio creation of the French office for integrity in science).

RI incentives

The High Council for Evaluation of Research and Higher Education (Hcéres) is administrative authority responsible for the evaluation of higher education institutions and research institutes. There are numerous awards and prizes for researchers. France also has the research tax credit (CIR) which supports business research and development activities by providing tax assistance (22)[6].

Initiatives Scope
Research integrity training for PhD students Training
OFIS training for research integrity officers Training
The High Council for Evaluation of Research and Higher Education (Hcéres) Accreditation
Inserm Prizes Support
CNRS awards Support
FRM Award Support
The Sanofi-Pasteur Prizes Support
The magazine La Recherche Support
Institute of France prizes Support
  1. 1.0 1.1 Enrio. France. French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD). [cited 2021 April 8]. Available from: http://www.enrio.eu/news-activities/members/france/
  2. FUN MOOC. Research integrity in scientific professions. [cited 2021 July 16]. Available from: https://www.fun-mooc.fr/en/courses/research-integrity-scientific-professions/
  3. FUN MOOC. Research integrity in scientific professions. [cited 2021 July 16]. Available from: https://www.fun-mooc.fr/en/courses/research-integrity-scientific-professions/
  4. Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche. Renforcer l’intégrité de la recherche en France. 2010 Sept 15. [cited 2021 April 8]. Available from: http://archeologie-copier-coller.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/J-P-ALIX.-RAPPORT-INTEGRITE.pdf
  5. Leduc M. Creation of the French Office for Integrity in Science (OFIS). Enrio. [cited 2021 April 8]. Available from: http://www.enrio.eu/news-activities/creation-french-office-integrity-science-ofis/
  6. Leduc M. Creation of the French Office for Integrity in Science (OFIS). Enrio. [cited 2021 April 8]. Available from: http://www.enrio.eu/news-activities/creation-french-office-integrity-science-ofis/

Guidelines

France

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