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From The Embassy of Good Science
| Type | What is this about? | Why is this important? | For whom is this important? | Link | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analyzing Data From Studies Depicted on Video: An Activity for Statistics and Research Courses | Education | This article describes a student activity that consists of the video instructions and analysis and interpretation of realistic data. The activity allows students to apply their knowledge of statistics and research methodology to real situations without conducting actual research. | Students | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0098628312475035 | |
| Animal research: IACUC Inspection Virtual Walkthrough | Education | This is a free online course intended for inspectors from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) who conduct inspections of animal facilities for compliance with U.S. regulatory standards. The course is a field guide which presents animal facilities in a 360-degree panoramic image with some inspecting items and provides tips for inspecting them. | Researchers | https://ori.hhs.gov/education/products/IACUC/home.html | |
| Animal resources | Education | This online training aims to help researchers in their research with animals. It contains three web modules. First one offers virtual tours of animal facility inspections. Second one deals with ethics and use of animals in research. Finally, third one provides information on the PHS Policy on human care and use of lab animals. | All stakeholders in research | https://ori.hhs.gov/animal-resources | |
| Annual review of ethics (case studies) | Education | Research Ethics Cases are a tool for discussing scientific integrity. Cases are designed to confront the readers with a specific problem that does not lend itself to easy answers'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FD-QINU`"'. | By providing a focus for discussion, cases help staff involved in research to define or refine their own standards, to appreciate alternative approaches to identifying and resolving ethical problems, and to develop skills for dealing with hard problems on their own'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FE-QINU`"'. | All stakeholders in research | https://oir.nih.gov/sourcebook/ethical-conduct/responsible-conduct-research-training/annual-review-ethics-case-studies |
| Anonymity Declined | Cases | On wrting a second ethnographic work about a village, the researcher went against the wishes of the villagers by not using their real names but acted in accordance with the Principles of Professional Responsibility of the American Anthropological Association. She made exceptions where she judged that using a real name would please the person. | Researchers | https://www.americananthro.org/ParticipateAndAdvocate/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=1805 | |
| Anonymity Revisited | Cases | This fictional case is about an applied medical anthropologist who wrote a series of articles when she was working in an urban black community in the United States. She wrote her articles in an anonymous way so that individuals and/or the community would not be harmed. However, members of the community started a discussion because they were surprised that the name of the community health center and the name of the town were not given. | Anthropological conventions specify the use of pseudonyms in certain types of anthropological reporting, specifically if there is any chance that individuals or a community might be harmed. | Researchers Early career researchers Research subjects research integrity researchers | https://www.americananthro.org/LearnAndTeach/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=12923&RDtoken=16518&userID=5089&navItemNumber=731 |
| Anticipate and Communicate. Ethical Management of Incidental and Secondary Findings in the Clinical, Research, and Direct-to-Consumer Contexts | Guidelines | These guidelines aim to help researchers in biomedicine and health. They provide recommendations applicable to the ethical management of incidental findings in general and those relevant in specific situations. | Researchers | https://bioethicsarchive.georgetown.edu/pcsbi/sites/default/files/FINALAnticipateCommunicate_PCSBI_0.pdf | |
| Application of a sensemaking approach to ethics training in the physical sciences and engineering | Education | This study addresses one of the approaches in ethics training, focused on the development of ethical decision-making skills. It proposes a new curriculum with focus on day-to-day social and professional practices that have ethical implications for the physical sciences and engineering. The training resulted in researchers' increased ethical decision-making in relation to data management, study conduct, professional and business practices. | Researchers Trainers | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11948-007-9048-z | |
| Applying Research Findings to Enhance Pre-Practicum Ethics Training | Education | This study aimed to outline research findings from psychology and neuroscience that are important for moral decision making. It also considers how ethics educators can implement these findings in ethics courses. The research findings provide explanations regarding psychologists' ethical decision making. It also offers guidance on how educators can assist future psychologists cope with problems of ethical decision making. | trainers | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10508422.2017.1313705?journalCode=hebh20 | |
| Are these data real? Statistical methods for the detection of data fabrication in clinical trials | Education | In this study authors used statistical methods to compare data from two clinical trials - one with concerns of research misconduct and other with no such concerns. The results showed that data from the suspected clinical trial were fabricated. | researchers | https://www.bmj.com/content/331/7511/267 | |
| Artificial tracheas and severe research misconduct | Cases | This is a factual case. '"`UNIQ--references-00000165-QINU`"' | researchers research leaders All stakeholders in research | https://news.ki.se/the-macchiarini-case-timeline | |
| Assessing the educational literature in the responsible conduct of research for core content. | Education | This article provides a review of education materials in responsible conduct of research in biomedical and life sciences. Authors split their findings in several categories: data acquisition, management, sharing and ownership; mentor and trainee relationship; publication practices and responsible authorship; peer review; collaborative science; research on humans; research on laboratory animals; research misconduct; and conflict of interest. Authors hope this review will help raise awareness for responsible conduct of research among biomedical and life scientists. | Research integrity is increasingly considered a core instructional area. Proper education and training will contribute to the cultivation of responsible research culture while corresponding to the ethical, financial and legal requirements related to acceptance of funding. | PhD students Early career researchers | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08989620500217420 |
| Attempting to Assure Accuracy | Cases | Professor Dale Goodman is asked by a non-academic journal to review a book about prostitution, which lies within the scope of expertise, even if the book is not academic. He tries to write an honest assessment of the book's merits and submits it to the journal, which changes the review's title upon publication without informing Goodman. The researcher believes that the new title, "Prison Babes" is harmful and misrepresents the book, the review and the discussed phenomenon. The case asks about the appropriate course of action in such situations. | Journal publishers Publishers Researchers Reviewers | https://www.asanet.org/teaching-learning/faculty/teaching-ethics-throughout-curriculum/case-31-attempting-assure-accuracy | |
| Australian Codes for the Responsible Conduct of Research | Guidelines | The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia has various codes and policies on responsible research. The page contains an overview of the following codes and guidelines:
| The Australian research community can benefit from the guidelines from the NHMRC. | Researchers Academic staff All stakeholders in research | https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/research-policy/research-integrity |
| Australian Guide to Managing and Investigating Potential Breaches of the Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research | Guidelines | This guideline specifies the official procedures of investigating research misconduct (RM) in Australia. RM breaches, as defined in the guideline, occur on a spectrum, with RM being serious or repeated breaches of the Australian Code. | Having official procedures in place for investigating RM can ensure the processes are held in a fair and transparent manner. | Researchers Research Integrity Officers | https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/reports/guide-managing-investigating-potential-breaches.pdf#targetText=Research%20Integrity%20Advisor%20(RIA)%20Person,potential%20breaches%20of%20the%20Code |
| Australian Research Council Research Integrity Policy | Guidelines | The policy outlines requirements for institutions, and individuals engaged in Australian Research Council (ARC) business, to report to the ARC research integrity matters, and the action the ARC may take in response to reported breaches of the Code. It also describes how the ARC can refer concerns or complaints to research institutions, who, in accordance with the Code, are responsible for managing and investigating potential breaches of the Code. | The purpose of this policy is to promote and support research integrity and safeguard confidence in the value of publicly funded research by: - making transparent the ARC’s role in ensuring research integrity and addressing breaches of the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research (2018) (the Code); - establishing a framework to support the integrity of the ARC’s grant application, peer review, grant selection and research evaluation processes, funding decisions and research; and - raising awareness of the importance of research integrity and the possible consequences for research institutions and individuals if appropriate standards are not maintained. | All stakeholders in research | https://www.arc.gov.au/policies-strategies/strategy/arc-research-integrity-and-research-misconduct-policy |
| Austrian Agency for Research Integrity Guidelines for Good Scientific Practice | Guidelines | The Austrian Agency for Research Integrity (Osterreichische Agentur fur Wissenschaftliche Integritat - OeAWI) works to raise awareness of the standards of good scientific practice among scientists and researchers as well as the general public. It also contributes to ensuring that violations of the standards of good scientific practice are identified and remedied. The organisation works to strengthen the ethos of science and research, and advocates adherence to the code of conduct derived from that ethos. Its activities focus on investigating and preventing misconduct in research and scholarship, not on imposing sanctions for misconduct. Given that violations of the standards of good scientific practice are not necessarily also violations of applicable law, the OeAWI performs its duties as a complement to – but not in competition with – the legal system. Legislation relevant to science and research, the principles of research ethics and the standards of good scientific practice all contribute equally to ensuring a high degree of integrity in research and scholarship. | The quality of research is a precious asset for every society. Social progress, economic value creation, social living conditions and fairness between generations in shaping the future would all be unimaginable without reliable scientific and scholarly knowledge. Ensuring the quality of that knowledge is the duty of scientists and researchers themselves. Because scientific research can be highly specialised and complex, and because there are various links between science and research, politics, the business world and other actors in society, self-governance in science and research can only be effective if it is codified and institutionalised. As an organisation established by Austria‘s research institutions themselves, the OeAWI makes an important contribution to effective self-governance in the Austrian science and research system. | researchers | https://oeawi.at/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/OeAWI_Broschüre_Web_2019.pdf |
| Author Misconduct: Not Just the Editors' Responsibility | Cases | This case described how the limited space in journals is not aligned with the increase in submissions. Due to publication pressure authors sometimes cut corners, which can lead to cases of misconduct.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000018D-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--references-0000018E-QINU`"' | This paper aims to explore common types of publication misconduct in the editorial office in a specific journal, and considers several implications | Researchers PhD students | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.02027.x |
| Author accused of stealing research and publishing under their name | Cases | We received a letter from a third party, accusing author A of putting his/her name against an article, published in our journal, when the research itself belongs to author A's student. Our journal is a fully English language publication and the accusing third party and author A are from a non-English speaking country, as is the student (assumedly). The accusing third party forwarded the student's research paper to the editor which is entirely written in another language but contained an English abstract. The Editor contacted author A and the response received included an attached confirmation letter supposedly from his/her student stating that they had no involvement in the published work by author A and that their research is completely separate to the published paper by author A. We have several concerns: 1. It is difficult for the editor to examine the abstract the third party sent to us against the published article by author A. 2. We do not know if the response letter emailed from author A, confirming no involvement in author A's paper, is genuinely from the student. 3. The accuser's identity or relation to the matter is unknown to us. Ideally the editor needs to contact the student directly but we need bona fide contact details of the student and we are not sure we would get it from the accuser or the accused author A. Google is also of little help as there are so many people with the name. | Journal editors Journal publishers | https://publicationethics.org/case/author-accused-stealing-research-and-publishing-under-their-name | |
| Author misconduct: Not just the editors' responsibility | Cases | Researchers everywhere are under increasing pressure to publish in high quality journals. The amount of space available in a journal such as Medical Education has not kept pace with the rise in submissions. Against a background of fierce competition, authors sometimes cut corners. This may lead to misconduct. This paper aims to explore the most common types of publication misconduct seen in the Medical Education editorial office, and to consider the reasons for this and the implications for researchers in the field. | Academic institutions Journal publishers Peer-reviewers Authors | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.02027.x | |
| Authors couldn’t find a patient to give consent for case report. Then the patient found the report. | Cases | This short text informs about a case of a 35-year-old woman with a mysterious mass that took 11 years to be diagnosed. Since the authors could not reach the patient to obtain her consent for publication, they removed any identifiable information and published the paper anyway. The patient eventually read the paper, recognized herself and asked for retraction. | Researchers Journal editors | https://retractionwatch.com/2017/02/27/authors-couldnt-find-patient-give-consent-case-report-patient-found-report/ | |
| Authorship Deserved, Not Earned: Research Ethics and Research Integrity Scenario | Scenarios | Although ICMJE clearly defines the role of authors through its sets of recommendations, authorship criteria are not always strictly followed. The recommendations get blurry and faded based on convenience, interpersonal conflicts, or become subjected to manipulation. Such is the case described in this scenario, where a young researcher has a dispute with his superior about a rightful co-authorship. A publication would propel his career, but it appears there is no room for discussion. | This scenario warrants serious consideration on employed practices regarding ghost authorship. Several consequences might arise from this malpractice. Early-career scientists are deterred from gaining research visibility and acquiring writing skills. In the long run, it generates a vicious circle of bringing up new generation academics that might repeat the same mistakes if they were to become group leaders. Aside from long-term consequences on the health of academia, another problem arises – the lack of adequate bodies, in certain settings, that could help address and resolve the given problem. Institutions that haven't done so already, should widely act upon continuous education about good research practice on all levels, as well as implementing research integrity offices. | Academic institutions Authors Students Research Ethics Committees Research integrity trainers | https://zenodo.org/record/6200379#.YhNn0ZYo-3A |
| Authorship and Intellectual Property | Cases | A researcher is left feeling resentful after not having been made an author on a research paper even though the researcher provided the underlying idea for the project. | Researchers | https://bioethicsresearch.org/resources/case-studies/authorship-and-intellectual-property/ | |
| Authorship and publication | Education | This handout provides a broad conceptual subway map of the world of publication, to support the Authorship and Publication training provided by QUT Library and Office of Research Ethics and Integrity'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FB-QINU`"'. The map provides a framework to help explain and discuss the complex world of academic publication. '"`UNIQ--references-000001FC-QINU`"' | PhD Students Supervisors Early career researchers Graduate students Professors Research integrity trainers | https://figshare.com/articles/Authorship_and_Publication/5801682 | |
| Authorship in a Multi-Center Clinical Trial: the HF-ACTION Experience | Education | This article describes how the HF-ACTION investigators devised a system to address assignment of authorship on trial publications. The HF-ACTION Authorship and Publication (HAP) Scoring System was designed to increase dissemination, recognize investigator contributions to the trial and apply individual expertise in manuscript production. | Researchers | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4444064/ | |
| Authorship in scholarly manuscripts: practical considerations for resident and early career physicians | Education | This article addresses different issues regarding authorship in scholarly manuscripts. The authors suggest that residents and early career physicians need to be educated about authorship rules and problems as well as equitable resolutions. They also invite for considering alternative ways to credit authorship. | Researchers | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19349451/ | |
| Authorship: video | Education | This video is about determing authorship. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of working alone or in a team. Advices are giving about working in a team. | All stakeholders in research | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMUFWuWHUt0 | |
| Author’s Permission Guidelines | Guidelines | These guidelines are intended for researchers or publishers with aim of helping them identify what they need to request permission to reproduce material created by others, including images and text quotations. | Researchers Publishers | https://press.uchicago.edu/resource/permissions.html | |
| Automatic plagiarism detection with PAIRwise 2.0. | Education | This study examined a plagiarism detection system PAIRwise for instructors, researchers and students. It showed that PAIRwise can detect verbatim plagiarism efficiently. | researchers trainers students | https://www.learntechlib.org/p/33261/ | |
| Avoiding Plagiarism, Self-plagiarism, and Other Questionable Writing Practices: A Guide to Ethical Writing | Education | This tool is intended for students and researchers to identify and prevent questionable research practices. It deals particularly with plagiarism and self plagiarism. | Researchers Students | https://ori.hhs.gov/avoiding-plagiarism-self-plagiarism-and-other-questionable-writing-practices-guide-ethical-writing | |
| Avoiding bias in qualitative data analysis | Other | This short text gives five tips to avoid bias in qualitative data analysis: 1. Use multiple people to code the data; 2. Have participants review your results; 3. Verify with more data sources; 4. Check for alternative explanations; 5. Review findings with peers. | Researchers PhD students | https://baselinesupport.campuslabs.com/hc/en-us/articles/204305695-Avoiding-bias-in-qualitative-data-analysis | |
| Avoiding twisted pixels: ethical guidelines for the appropriate use and manipulation of scientific digital images | Education | This study provides 12 guidelines for digital image manipulation. The guidelines can be included into lab meetings and trainings of graduate students with aim of inciting discussion that could lead to the end of "data beautification". | Graduate students | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20567932/ | |
| BT Cotton Hoax in a University in India | Cases | Based on a news from Times of India (TOI), a study regarding the development of a new indigenous gene was completely fake. The gene that was stated is a new variety of Bt Cotton or Bt gene (BNla106 truncated cry1 AC). Hence, the project team responsible for the study claimed that they had already developed a new variety of Bt cotton seeds. However, experts found that the construct of Bt cotton has a Monsanto gene (Mon-531), which exemplifies that the cotton seeds was never altered or still it is the common seed. Moreover, the variety of BT cotton was already brought in the public in the year 2008 and the paper work of the UAS was published in the Current Science regardless of dubious claims that was later found out and thus, the published work was later on withdrawn (dated December 25, 2007). In 2012, the Monsanto gene was introduced by the media through a UAS staffer that it was indeed present and was never altered at all. Furthermore, it was found out through a 129-page report that a scope was contaminated due to the seeds being mass multiplied. | Academic institutions Research Integrity Officers | https://btcottonmisconduct.blogspot.com/ | |
| Backstage Maneuvers | Cases | An anthropologist working for two organisation has been asked to delay her (developed) funding application with one organisation in order to faciliatate the other | Funding institutions Anthropologists Collaborating researchers Administrators Ethnographers | https://www.americananthro.org/LearnAndTeach/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=12939 | |
| Baltimore Case - In Brief | Cases | In 1986, Thereza Imanishi-Kari co-authored a scientific paper on immunology with five other authors including Nobel laureate David Baltimore '"`UNIQ--ref-000001AE-QINU`"'. Margot O'Toole, who was a postdoc in Imanishi-Kari's laboratory and also acknowledged in the paper “for critical reading of the manuscript”, reported Imanishi-Kari for fabrication after discovering laboratory notebook pages with conflicting data. Baltimore refused to retract the paper and Imanishi-Kari dismisses O'Toole from the laboratory. After a series of published statements in Nature and a bitter debate within the biomedical community '"`UNIQ--ref-000001AF-QINU`"', Baltimore and three co-authors then retracted the paper. Baltimore publicly apologized for defense of fabricated data and not taking a whistle-blower's accusations seriously '"`UNIQ--ref-000001B0-QINU`"'. The Office of Research Integrity (ORI) found Imanishi-Kari guilty for data fabrication and attempts of covering up those fabrications with additional frauds. However, the appeals panel of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) ruled that the ORI had failed to prove misconduct by Imanishi-Kari and dismissed all charges against her '"`UNIQ--ref-000001B1-QINU`"'. This is a factual case. '"`UNIQ--references-000001B2-QINU`"' | When an article is published, all authors are responsible for what is written in the paper. If the paper contains fabricated data, all the authors are deemed to be responsible. | Researchers All stakeholders in research Editors General public Research Integrity Officers Journals | https://science.sciencemag.org/content/253/5015/24.1.abstract |
| Banked Samples and HD Testing | Cases | A woman brushes off her most recent diagnosis, Huntington disease (HD), and resists her doctor’s recommendations to tell her family about the diagnosis. By not disclosing this information to her family, they would not know that they might want to get tested for HD. Prior to diagnosis, the woman and her family provided genetic samples to a research database to investigate a genetic disease unrelated to HD. Since the database project required written consent for using samples in future research, the doctor wonders if he can run tests for HD on the stored samples that would include the materials of the woman and her family. | Clinical researchers Laboratory researchers | https://bioethicsresearch.org/resources/case-studies/banked-samples-and-hd-testing-2/ | |
| Becoming an Ethical Researcher | Education | Becoming an Ethical Researcher is a badged open course run by the Open University on its OpenLearn platform. This runs for 11 months of the year and was launched on 1 October 2020. It is designed to take 6 weeks of study for 2 hours per week. | Early career researchers Senior researchers Researchers Qualitative researchers | https://www.open.edu/openlearn/education-development/becoming-ethical-researcher/content-section-overview-0?active-tab=description-tab | |
| Belgian Code of Ethics for Scientific Research | Guidelines | The “Code of Ethics for Scientific Research in Belgium” establishes the major principles of ethically justified scientific practice in Belgium. As the code already dates from 2009, many consider it to be out of date. All Flemish universities no longer refer to it and have replaced it by the ALLEA code. | National ethics guidelines can stimulate good research practices by presenting guidance of what constitutes good scientific practice in a specific country. | All stakeholders in research Early career researchers Senior researchers PhD students | https://www.kuleuven.be/english/research/integrity/practices/belspo-code |
| Best Practice Guide for Research Integrity and Ethics | Guidelines | The Austrian Higher Education Conference published a new Best Practice Guide for Research Integrity and Ethic. The guide for research integrity and ethics presented here is a compilation of standards for good research practice and principles of research ethics. | The position paper presented here takes this into consideration by addressing the responsibility of the researchers and the research institutions. In its examination of the general normative principles of the research process and through its recommendations on specific best practices, these guidelines for good research practice are intended to contribute to raising awareness of research integrity and research ethics in Austria and ensuring the freedom of researchers. | Academic staff All stakeholders in research Policy makers Research performing organisations | https://oeawi.at/en/events/best-practice-guide-for-research-integrity-and-ethics/ |
| Best Practice to Order Authors in Multi/Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Research Publications | Education | The article addresses misunderstandings and disputes regarding authorship in multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary health research teams. The authors propose a five-step "best practice" that includes the distribution of contributorship and authorship for multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research. They conclude that this procedure involves dialogue and the use of a contributorship taxonomy as well as a declaration explaining contributorship. | Researchers | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08989621.2017.1287567 | |
| Beyond "compliance": the role of institutional culture in promoting research integrity. | Education | The study aims to explore the role of institutional culture in promoting research integrity. Research participants provide useful insighta in fostering research integrity, especially with regard to relationships and power differences between individuals or groups. | Researchers Trainers | https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/fulltext/2010/08000/Beyond__Compliance___The_Role_of_Institutional.13.aspx?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=d2b0207b3693b2bff6252dad823cc7d7d97959c9-1604392904-0-AUmzWzDeQq_ZyURAT2GOVpJMRlSIEJ7aWE2npP_34zt6FQy-jxpDKAQ2NzTK3zik0sl8hLri5z26MlraoSN1KF_igqgSMIV_WbuWrPTG28QSh90jqiQbAjVWf7TRZB6_Bxx7i6PfpakL6IlBk80IlHuIw2HaR4JrcpzchKQh9U7NbuoSGPKhhKZ07NqlxpNOBmV33D36wzcn7XutogP0Qdmv4IxbM1Af9w7hhointIhdFdfHcA30DekiUuIJJZhQw90Fz_Wr743BiZHct8UqrqB0zKRxHlzzb-qdhLjTD7vrxdEbVCh-PZHuZoNaPTo_qGyz7aLyUrGWfKaTcO7YBlxDfY6ILWZ78i_qT4Xj-R-DgPlmwj6eS-HEfgJnVuEPE9OAhIpB3omFksvlB4l-xS8tScIyZEUJiaOtYZmZRbD9jQr0ZWixLyx2ZcINgiREHt-7gAv_j6On5tnkWPgjzvU | |
| Bias in Historical Description, Interpretation, and Explanation | Cases | This article provides several examples of bias in history research with an emphasis on cultural bias. The author concludes that while personal bias can be avoided, cultural bias is not easy to detect or avoid. | Researchers PhD students Educators | https://www.jstor.org/stable/2677997?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents | |
| Bias in hiring | Cases | A female physicist is applying for a prestigious job at a top university that has a reputation for being conservative. During the interview the physicist is asked if she has a significant other who works in the same field. Should she answer the question? | Women in academia Interview committees | https://www.aps.org/programs/education/ethics/bias/hiring.cfm | |
| Bioethicists Call for Investigation Into Nutritional Experiments on Aboriginal People | Cases | Factual cases of research on people without their approval. | Cases like these are unethical and should be prevented and/or investigated for misconduct. | researchers General public All stakeholders in research | http://www.cmaj.ca/content/185/14/1201 |
| Bioethics: an introduction | Education | An introductory series by Marianne Talbot exploring bioethical theories and their philosophical foundations. These podcasts will explain key moral theories, common moral arguments, and some background logic'"`UNIQ--ref-00000217-QINU`"'. | Bachelor students PhD Students Junior researchers Early career researchers | https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/series/bioethics-introduction | |
| Biologist Spared Jail For Grant Fraud | Cases | This is a factual case describing how an immunologist at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Luk Van Parijs, was found to be solely responsible for more than 11 incidents of data fabrication in grant applications and papers submitted between 1997 and 2004. '"`UNIQ--ref-000001EB-QINU`"' Van Parijs avoided jail after several prominent scientists wrote letters begging for clemency on his behalf and was sentenced to home detention, community service and financial restitution.'"`UNIQ--ref-000001EC-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--references-000001ED-QINU`"' | The case illustrates that coming clean promptly can be a good strategy for those who have committed scientific misconduct. The case can spur awareness of early signs.'"`UNIQ--ref-000001EE-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--references-000001EF-QINU`"' | Researchers PI Supervisors | https://www.nature.com/articles/474552a |
| Biomedical Alliance in Europe (Biomed Alliance) Code of Conduct | Guidelines | The Biomedical Alliance in Europe (BioMed Alliance) is a group of 34 European medical societies, with a total of more than 400,000 members, created in 2010 to unite researchers and healthcare professionals and address common issues at the European level. | Via their code of conduct, BioMed Alliance aims to promote the best interests and values of their members, promote excellence in healthcare, research and innovation, and improve the well-being of all European citizens. | All stakeholders in research Researchers | https://www.biomedeurope.org/about/code-of-conduct.html |
| Blinded by Private Conflict – Choosing Ego Over Professionalism | Scenarios | The Embassy of Good Science is a wiki platform developed in the EnTIRE project, which was granted in the EU Horizon 2020 programme four years ago. The platform and its relevance for Research Integrity (RI) in Europe and beyond were presented during the final conference of the project, which was held online on October 25th and 26th, 2021. This case scenario was submitted as a part of research integrity scenario competition that was held during the second day of the conference. | The scenario focuses on a student whose years of hard work might go to waste because of her mentor's pride. When mentoring, one always must be aware of the fact that they bear a great responsibility. It’s not about the benefits that come with the ,,mentor” title, it’s about teaching your protégé, developing a healthy working relationship, helping and encouraging them every step of the way. While doing so, the integrity of the project, the mentee and the mentor must be preserved. | students Academic institutions Academic staff Advisors of students Bachelor students Clinical ethics consultants Graduate students phd students Graduate and postgraduate students Junior researchers Laboratory researchers Students Mentors | https://zenodo.org/record/5605909#.YerJBS1Q3s1 |
| Bothered and Bewildered But not Bewitched | Cases | This is a factual case that describes the reasons for the (potential) retraction of various articles. Most of these articles are retracted due to authorship issues, while others are potentially retracted due to data falsification. One of the articles is retracted because one of the co-authors was not aware of its publication, nor did he permit for the publication. | All authors listed on a manuscript or article should have permitted publication of the article. Otherwise, the paper will be retracted soon after publication and a lot of funding and hard work is wasted, as this case proves. The journal discussed here has measures in place to make sure that all authors have agreed to the publication, such as an agreement form that needs to be signed by all co-authors. However, the present case shows that this is not always effective and stresses the importance to remain vigilant even with these measures in place. In addition, the present case shows that it is in nobody’s interest to counterfeit the permission of one of the authors. | Researchers | https://www.jci.org/articles/view/37695 |
| Business Ethics Perspectives: Faculty Plagiarism and Fraud | Education | This article discusses why faculty plagiarism and fraud happen in business organizations and among students. The authors offer advices to universities to help them develop ethical culture that would reduce the possibility of such research misconducts. Based on these recommendations, universities should create defined policies and standards, develop codes of conduct and guarantee training, among others. | Researchers Students | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-012-1234-5 |
