Why is this important? (Important Because)
From The Embassy of Good Science
A description to provide more focus to the theme/resource (max. 200 words)
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It is crucial for participants to complete the online modules in advance of the face-to-face training in order to acquire a shared understanding of the program’s core concepts. +
Through reflection on the moral characters important for researchers, and how they guide action, participants gain an understanding of their personal motives for research practice. +
Researchers are often faced with dilemmas and questions which put their integrity at risk. In these situations, researchers must decide what is important for them and how to stay close to their values while protecting their integrity and respecting their professional codes of conduct. Reflecting on which moral characters are important for researchers, and on how these moral characters might guide their actions, can support researchers to understand personal motives for good conduct in science. +
Research integrity is not only about following rules. It also requires personal engagement and competence. These requirements show that research integrity requires virtues. A person who is virtuous, not merely follows methodological or moral rules, but embodies goodness or excellence . '"`UNIQ--ref-00000009-QINU`"' Goodness or excellence in research depends on what we do, as well as on who we are, intellectually and morally. The possession of a virtue says something about this person as a person. So, to tell of a person that she is imaginative or honest, is to say something about this person’s character. Aristotle described virtue as ‘the state of character which makes a man good and which makes him do his work well.’ '"`UNIQ--ref-0000000A-QINU`"' MacIntyre defined virtue as ‘an acquired human quality the possession and the exercise of which tends to enable us to achieve those goods which are internal to practices and the lack of which effectively prevents us from achieving any such goods’. '"`UNIQ--ref-0000000B-QINU`"' MacIntyre, therefore, emphasized the importance of practice for the expression and development of virtues.
Aristotle distinguishes between two kinds of virtues, intellectual and moral virtues. Examples of the first kind of virtues are critical thinking, curiosity, imaginativeness, perseverance and open-mindedness. Examples of moral virtues are courage, honesty, generosity, fair-mindedness, and justice. Although intellectual and moral virtues are distinct, they have in common that they are both character traits.
A number of attempts have been made to identify which virtues are essential for good scientific practice . '"`UNIQ--ref-0000000C-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--ref-0000000D-QINU`"' These include: honesty;curiosity;attentiveness or observance;perseverance or patience;objectivity;humility to evidence;skepticism;meticulousness;courage;collaboration;resoluteness;accountability;availability;competency;reliability;sincerity;creativity;accountability;punctuality;truthfulness;selflessness;reflexivity;clarity of purpose;collaborative spirit;fairness;loyalty;moderation;positivity/open-mindedness;respectfulness.
According to Aristotle, a virtuous person has the disposition to act in accordance with the right middle. A virtuous person is able to see and do what is right in the specific situation, and knows how to avoid the extremes of showing too little or too much. An example of a virtue is courage. Someone who is brave knows how to find the right middle between the extremes of cowardice on the one hand and recklessness on the other. That applies not only to war, to the Greeks an important example of human action. It also applies to interacting with people with whom one collaborates. For example, if the person makes a mistake, it may be important to tell her ' the truth '. That requires courage, as the right middle between making an allusion in the hope that the other understands the message, and confronting the other in public with the fact that she does something wrong. What is the right middle depends on the situation, that is, the seriousness of the error, the openness of the other for the message, and the ability of the person who performs the act. In some cases the right middle is closer to being cautious;in other cases more emphasis is needed.
Being virtuous means living in accordance with one’s natural potential. Thus, virtues refer to human nature. Yet, developing virtues requires training and exercise in practice. In practice, one learns to see what is the importance of, for example, honesty as openness to criticism, and how it can be adequately shaped. How much attention should you devote to literature before you do a study? When does that literature help sharpen the mind, and when does it lead to confusion? Of course it is important to study existing investigations before one starts to research, for example by doing a systematic review. But how to ensure that this really gives an insight into what was previously found, and provides a connecting factor for further research? The same applies to the discussion of possible explanations for results of own research. What literature do you refer to, and how do you use it to sharpen the findings? Do the quoted articles really help them to better understand the outcomes of the study, draw conclusions and formulate new questions? The answer to such questions does not come from textbooks, but requires insights and skills that are already acquired in practice.
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It is important to include mental health patients into society and so this study is very much admirable. But, no matter how much any project is important or admirable all individuals included in the study should know all about it prior to involvement. Since this step was skipped I suggest that all participants be informed about the study now. This means that some will not be willing to participate and will step out from the study.
The study may have sufficient number of participants in the and because there are not many studies dealing with the re-integration of mental health patients into society.
The drop out number can be used in the study for the statistical purposes and it can additionally improve overall study statistics. +
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''<span lang="EN-US">Artificial intelligence presents new challenges for both organisations and individuals in terms of how to navigate and manage its use. As the guidelines developed at WIFO may be of interest to other research organisations facing similar challenges, we want to share them with the broader research community.</span>'' +
Want to make sure your paper gets published? Just do your own peer review like this researcher did +
Whilst researchers increasingly get the pressure of ‘publish or perish’, it is of paramount importance that the peer review process remains impartial and uncompromised. +
Im Wissenschaftsalltag begegnen wir oft Dilemmata und Fragen, die die eigene Integrität auf die Probe stellen. In diesen Situationen müssen Wissenschaftler:innen entscheiden, was ihnen wichtig ist und welchen Werten entsprechend sie sich verhalten wollen, während sie gleichzeitig ihre eigene Integrität bewahren und sich an berufsethischen Verhaltenskodizes orientieren möchten. Darüber nachzudenken, welche moralischen Charaktereigenschaften für Wissenschaftler:innen wichtig sind und wie diese Eigenschaften das Handeln leiten können, kann Wissenschaftler:innen dabei helfen, ihre persönlichen Motive für gutes Verhalten in der Wissenschaft zu verstehen. +
Indem die Teilnehmenden darüber nachdenken, welche moralischen Eigenschaften für Wissenschaftler:innen wichtig sind und inwiefern diese Eigenschaften das Handeln leiten sollten, lernen sie ihre eigenen persönlichen Motive für das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten kennen. +
Well-performed investigations are essential to prevent research misconduct and its negative consequences. As noted in the article, current misconduct investigations mostly focus on the question of whether any scientific misconduct has occurred, rather than the correctness of the literature that has followed from it. However, the negative consequences for patients and general practitioners are mostly caused by the publications that follow from the research. This literature can be incorrect, even if no real misconduct has been established, leading to potential harm for patients. Therefore, the researchers in the present case argue that research misconduct investigations should aim to preserve the integrity of the literature, rather than to establish whether misconduct has taken place or not. +
It shows that a combination of gender bias and citation bias could result in the publication of inaccurate and disrespectful papers. It also shows what can be achieved with post-publication peer-review and concerted efforts of responsible scientists. +
Whether it is purposeful attempt to deceit and knowingly one manipulates data, images, results, or, corrections in publications are the outcome of honest mistakes, this blog raises the editors' dilemma in accepting new submission by these authors. An interesting example for discussion mainly for those involved in publishing. +
Retraction notices are a high-stakes academic genre, and play a key role in maintaining the perception of science as rigorous and truthful. To help minimise the effects of "rotten apple" stakeholders who might game the academic publication system, retraction notices should be made as effective as possible. +
As sociologists want to study the normal behavior of individuals and groups of individuals, it is understandable that they do not want their subjects to know that they are being studied. However, research subjects have the right to know that they are studied, how they are studied and why they are studied to avoid exploitation. Therefore, research subjects must give informed consent before enrolling in a study. As noted in this case, the researcher may seek a waiver of such informed consent from research ethics committees in exceptional cases. +
Working with Research Integrity - Guidance for Research Performing Organisations: The Bonn PRINTEGER Statement +
This document emphasises that responsibility for ethical research lies with everyone who is active in research, but especially with leaders in research performing organisations. Researchers’ morals alone cannot ensure research integrity;good conditions for exercising integrity must also be created at the level of the organisation and the research system. +
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This policy brief is important because it translates abstract ethical values into actionable norms and standards that can be integrated into AI and XR regulation, moving beyond generic principles that are hard to implement. By identifying emerging ethical risks such as manipulation, privacy invasions, and loss of human agency it provides policymakers with concrete recommendations to make future AI governance more effective and socially responsible. The brief’s operational focus strengthens the EU’s ongoing efforts to regulate AI technologies in ways that protect user rights and foster trustworthy innovation. +
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Even in exceptional and unprecedented times like a pandemic it is imperative that all stages of research are followed in a manner dictated by relevant research ethics protocols. +
Even in exceptional and unprecedented times like a pandemic it is imperative that all stages of research are followed in a manner dictated by relevant research ethics protocols. +
Even in exceptional and unprecedented times like a pandemic it is imperative that all stages of research are followed in a manner dictated by relevant research ethics protocols. +
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The practice of research involves balancing different needs. On the one hand, there is a need for knowledge and innovation which drives research. On the other hand, this must be weighed against the potential harms to research participants and to society at large. Thus, while performing research, it is important to have an understanding of not only the technical aspects, but also the underlying moral tensions, values and principles. These principles underlie various activities such as grant applications, conducting research, collaborations, publishing, mentoring other researchers and committee work. In addition, the document also discusses what constitutes research misconduct and how to prevent it. +
