Revision as of 15:56, 8 June 2021

Instructions

02 - The Seven Step Method: A Method for Analysing Cases in Research Ethics and Research Integrity

Instructions for:TraineeTrainer

Goal

Members of The Embassy of Good Science have developed a set of six user-friendly, accessible methods for analysing research ethics and research integrity cases.

These methods have been identified, adapted and presented so that they can be appropriated by all users, without prior philosophical knowledge, in local contexts.

Requirements

The key aim for the case analysis method described here is that it can be appropriated by all users, without prior philosophical knowledge, in local contexts.

In order to apply this method in the analysis of specific cases, it is advised that RECs, RIOs and IRBs engage with the regulatory frameworks and normative standards that apply to their respective organizations in the form of codes of ethics, codes of conduct, funding body standards and, if applicable, broader national and international research ethics and research integrity regulatory documents.

Duration (hours)

2

For whom is this important?

ResearchersResearch Ethics CommitteesResearch Integrity Officers

Method

Individual learning

Steps

11. State problem

22. Check facts

33. Identify relevant factors

44. Develop a list of options

55. Test options

66. Make a choice

77. Review steps 1–6

1

1. State problem

For example, “there’s something about this decision that makes me uncomfortable” or “do I have a conflict of interest?”

2

2. Check facts

Many problems disappear upon closer examination of the situation, while others change radically.

3

3. Identify relevant factors

For example, persons involved, laws, professional codes, and other practical constraints.

4

4. Develop a list of options

Be imaginative, try to avoid “dilemma”; not “yes” or “no” but whom to go to, what to say.

5

5. Test options

1. Employ one or more of the following tests:

· Harm test: does this option do less harm than alternatives?

· Publicity test: would I want my decision published in the newspaper?

· Defensibility test: could I defend my choice before a committee?

· Reversibility test: would I still make my choice if I were adversely affected by it?

· Colleague test: what are my colleagues’ responses to the options?

· Professional test: what might my profession’s governing body or ethics committee say about my choice?

· Organization test: what does the company’s ethics officer or legal counsel say about my choice?

6

6. Make a choice

All things considered, make a choice.

7

7. Review steps 1–6

· Are there any precautions you can take?

· Is there any way to access more support next time?

· Is there any way to change the organization (for example, suggest policy changes at next departmental meeting)?

Remarks

A case analysed by this method is openly available on the Zenodo repository and can be accessed using the following link: https://zenodo.org/deposit/4905906