Text (Instruction Step Text)
From The Embassy of Good Science
Describe the actions the user should take to experience the material (including preparation and follow up if any). Write in an active way.
- ⧼SA Foundation Data Type⧽: Text
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'''Reflection'''
Take a few minutes to think about the use of avatars and then check the feedback below. How do you think the user might be affected by their use? How do you think they might feel if their avatar is subjected to harm in the virtual world?
'''Feedback'''
The bond between users and their avatars can have two major effects - the Embodiment effect, and the Proteus effect.
'''Embodiment''' can be described through three aspects of the user's subjective experience. These are:
1. The feeling of self-location, that is the spatial experience of being in a body.
2. The feeling of agency, which refers to the feeling of being in control of one's actions.
3. The feeling of ownership of all, or part, of a body (body ownership) for instance, feeling that the imaginary body is the source of sensations.
The '''Proteus''' effect (named after a Greek god with the power of metamorphosis) refers to the influence of an avatar's appearance and behavior on a user's behavior, both in digital space and in real life.
An example of the Proteus effect is highlighted in a recent experiment, in which the user is placed in the imaginary skin of another human being, thereby triggering empathy and modifying their behavior. In this experiment, men convicted of acts of violence against women were put in the roles of women who had been assaulted, embodied in female avatars. At the end of the experiment, the participants showed an improved ability to detect fear in a human face. +
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Let’s find out more about the proposed study. While watching the next video, imagine that you are a member of an ethics review committee and your role is to make an assessment about whether or not to approve the study, to ask for changes to be made / further information, or to disallow the study. Make a note of any points or questions that arise for you.
There may be opposing views on the research ethics committee about whether this study can be approved. It is certainly a proposal that demands careful ethical scrutiny. In the audio below you will hear from some REC members who discuss some of the issues that need to be considered. Check to see whether they address all of the points or queries that you noted. +
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'''Feedback'''<div>
Dual ethics approval is an important measure to take to avoid ethics dumping.
Ethics dumping refers to the unethical practice of conducting research in low- or middle-income countries (like Country Y) without adhering to the same ethical standards applied in high-income countries (like Country X). This proposal for studying COVID-19 progression in both countries must be vigilant to avoid ethics dumping by ensuring that consent and ethical approval are obtained '''independently in both countries''', respecting local regulations, cultural norms, and standards of care. Participants in Country Y should not face lower ethical protections, and informed consent must be fully explained, ensuring that individuals understand how their data and biosamples will be used. Additionally, any findings or benefits must be equitably shared between both countries to avoid exploitation. Transparency, respect for autonomy, and local ethics oversight in both Country X and Country Y are crucial to ensure that the study is ethical and culturally appropriate across both settings. [https://www.globalcodeofconduct.org/ The TRUST global code of conduct for equitable research partnerships] is a resource for all research stakeholders who want to ensure that international research is equitable and carried out without ‘ethics dumping’ and ‘helicopter research’.
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=== '''Dynamic Consent''' ===
Dynamic consent utilises digital technology to enable ongoing communication with donors. It allows donors to tailor their consent preferences over time, providing a mechanism for enhanced donor engagement. While it fosters a more participatory approach to consent, its implementation can be resource-intensive and may pose technical and practical challenges. Practically, the need for continuous engagement puts a greater administrative burden on biobanks.
This includes the labour associated with managing donor inquiries, concerns, and requests for consent withdrawal or modification, which can escalate costs and require more personnel. Furthermore, it can create a potential digital divide if some donors lack access to or familiarity with the necessary technology to engage with the consent process, potentially raising issues of equity and inclusivity.
=== '''Study Specific Consent''' ===
Involves donors providing informed consent for their data and samples being used for a single specific research study. Fresh consent would need to be sought by researchers should they wish to use data or samples in a new study.
=== '''Tiered Consent''' ===
Involving donors choosing from predefined categories of research by agreeing to the sub-area of medicine for which samples and data can be used in the future. They might, for example, select specific disease groups like cancer or cardiovascular disorders. This model of consent enhances donor autonomy and transparency but may hinder the adaptability of research projects. Additionally, it requires constant updates to accommodate evolving research fields.
=== '''Meta Consent''' ===
Involving pre-defined consent models for different layers. Based on this model, one person may choose broad consent for all types of health data and their usage contexts. Meanwhile, another person may choose broad consent for nationally funded projects involving genetic data, and specific consent for the use of any data in international and commercial scientific projects. To sum up, meta-consent is not just about granting or prohibiting consent but about applying different consent models to different layers of biobank research.
Keeping this perspective in mind, answer the question below. Do you want the modified mosquitoes to be released?
'''Feedback'''
Of course, this is a difficult decision to make without full information about the potential risks and benefits of the study. Having heard about what it is like to live with the constant fear of malaria infection, the primary benefits should be obvious. But are they enough to outweigh the potential risks? On the next page, we start to consider some of those risks. +
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While the use of XR offers many potential benefits (for example, in training, design, or surgical planning), it also presents potential risks to health and wellbeing.
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Furthermore, given that the technology is relatively new, the long-term impacts upon physical health and wellbeing are not yet well understood or evidenced. +
<span lang="EN-GB">Identify the key variables, i.e. those critical factors that can severely influence the implementation of the selected recommendation. Such factors can be divided to enabling and hindering factors, and might include time, money, human and other resources and capacities, equipment, goodwill of stakeholders, etc. These factors serve for defining suitable intervention points within your scenario. At this stage, no specific activities should be drawn up, but the general terms of the different scenarios should be constructed, i.e. key intervention points within and beyond the organisational setting with consideration of the role of identified relevant stakeholders.</span>
<span lang="EN-GB">· What are the enabling factors and strategies to facilitate the effective implementation of the recommendation? </span>
<span lang="EN-GB">· What are the hindering factors, i.e. obstacles and challenges that impede progress of a successful scenario-building?</span>
<span lang="EN-GB">· What are the key intervention points for the scenario? </span>
<span lang="EN-GB">· How can the identified stakeholders be involved in the innovation/problem-solving process?</span> +
Where possible, community engagement should be continued or even increased during a pandemic, to address the most pressing needs of communities and to help maintain trust in science. +
Doing research with communities affected by climate change: Climate-conscious methodologies matrix (for students and citizen scientists) +
'''Use you own research''' to reflect on the cards questions
OR use the
'''CASE STUDY EXAMPLE:'''
'''Rebuilding with Dignity: A Community Research Project After Flooding'''
'''What happened?'''
Heavy floods hit a neighbourhood called ''Las Marismas'', on the edge of a Mediterranean city. The area is low-lying and often gets flooded. This time, more than '''1,500 people''' had to leave their homes. The hardest hit were people living in informal houses near the river, including '''undocumented migrants''', '''single mothers''', and '''older residents'''.
'''How do people feel?'''
Many people in the neighbourhood '''don’t trust local authorities or researchers'''. In the past, they were promised help that never came. Some say they’ve been treated unfairly or only used for data in research projects without seeing any real benefits.
'''What is the new project about?'''
A group of researchers from different countries is working on a project funded by the '''EU Green Deal programme'''. The goal is to '''co-create low-cost solutions''' to make the area more prepared for future floods. They want to work '''with''' the community, not just study them.
The project includes:
*'''Better early-warning systems''' for floods,
*'''Nature-based solutions''' to help manage water (like green spaces or plant-based barriers),
*'''New ways of making decisions''' that include the voices of local people.
'''Who is involved?'''
The team includes:
*'''Environmental engineers''' (they study flooding and infrastructure),
*'''Social scientists''' (they look at community and behaviour),
*'''Public health researchers''' (they study health risks), and
*'''Local facilitators''' (people who help connect researchers and residents).
'''Imagine you are part of the team involved in this research.''' Your task is to '''use the cards to anticipate and address potential ethical and methodological challenges''' throughout the project.
For each card, use the scenario to:
*'''Reflect''' on how the question applies in this setting.
*'''Identify''' possible tensions or risks (e.g., exclusion, harm, extractivism).
*'''Propose''' a climate-just, community-informed course of action.
Answer the following multiple-choice questions based on the text (slide show) you read earlier. +
Answer the following True/False questions based on your understanding of the text that was previously provided in the form of a slideshow. +
Nice work! You have explored various strategies for greening lab operations. These strategies are centered around small daily actions that can be undertaken to minimize energy consumption and adopt eco-friendly procurement options. However, it is essential to integrate these actions into our daily routines to ensure that laboratories contribute significantly to environmental sustainability and Green Transition.
'''Here, reflect on your own actions towards greening labs by answering the questions below.''' +
<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-GB">The <span lang="DE">[https://eur04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FGESIS-Methods-Hub%2Fguidelines-for-methods%2Fblob%2Fmain%2FREADME-template.md&data=05%7C02%7Cb.leitner%40amsterdamumc.nl%7C98306bdc1d14436a474308de062e488a%7C68dfab1a11bb4cc6beb528d756984fb6%7C0%7C0%7C638954993173754302%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=8wKJxWZb4qfVKLG%2F%2Bgn4HWuQCxrkIvrUyENg%2FEEwiWM%3D&reserved=0 Reproducibility Checklist for Computational Social Science Research]</span> provides a simple, structured framework to enhance the reproducibility of computational methods shared on [https://eur04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fmethodshub.gesis.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cb.leitner%40amsterdamumc.nl%7C98306bdc1d14436a474308de062e488a%7C68dfab1a11bb4cc6beb528d756984fb6%7C0%7C0%7C638954993173788095%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=fZvqBgWjUcBuH%2FNJKGAl8WYPcNRsRQujUc8k%2FbPcG3Q%3D&reserved=0 Methods Hub]. Designed for minimal effort and maximum usability, the checklist helps researchers document and share their data and code in a consistent, verifiable way that fosters trust and collaboration within the social science community. This pilot contributes to more efficient, transparent, and reproducible computational social science by integrating practical usability with clear documentation standards.</span></span>
<span lang="EN-US">The [https://github.com/GESIS-Methods-Hub/guidelines-for-methods/blob/main/README-template.md <u>checklist tempelate</u>] is publicly available through GitHub [https://github.com/GESIS-Methods-Hub/guidelines-for-methods <u>project repositoriy</u>] and is accompanied by [https://github.com/GESIS-Methods-Hub/guidelines-for-methods/blob/main/guidelines.md <u>user guidance</u>] for researchers who want to submit a method. These resources explain how to apply the checklist in practice, both independently and in connection with [https://methodshub.gesis.org/ <u>Methods Hub</u>].</span>
Try to answer the questions about the case. +
Based on the video you just watched, answer the following True or False questions. +
Doing research with communities affected by climate change: Climate-conscious methodologies matrix (for researchers and ethics reviewers) +
'''Use you own research''' to reflect on the cards questions
OR use the '''CASE STUDY EXAMPLE:'''
'''"Rebuilding with Dignity: Participatory Research in a Flooded Neighbourhood"'''
'''Context:'''
In the aftermath of devastating flash floods in the peri-urban district of ''Las Marismas'', located on the low-lying outskirts of a Mediterranean city, a European research consortium '''initiates a climate adaptation project'''. The floods displaced over 1,500 residents, disproportionately affecting undocumented migrants, single mothers, and elderly locals who had settled in informal housing near riverbeds. Many residents feel abandoned by local authorities and express mistrust toward institutions, citing past experiences with extractive research and failed development promises.
The '''research project''', funded under the EU’s Green Deal programme''', aims to co-develop low-cost, community-led solutions for urban flood resilience'''. It includes both social and infrastructural components, such as local early-warning systems, nature-based stormwater management, and inclusive governance models. The research team comprises environmental engineers, social scientists, public health researchers, and local facilitators.
'''Imagine you are part of the team involved in this research.''' Your task is to '''use the cards to anticipate and address potential ethical and methodological challenges''' throughout the project.
For each card, use the scenario to:
*'''Reflect''' on how the question applies in this setting.
*'''Identify''' possible tensions or risks (e.g., exclusion, harm, extractivism).
*'''Propose''' a climate-just, community-informed course of action. +
Table 4 summarises the tools for measuring REI training effectiveness in HE context. Limitations
Limitations of measurement tools and analysis instruments are that there are not many large-scale feasible measurements available. In addition, the entire ethics infrastructure may have an impact on how people behave in the research community, so the effectiveness may be influenced by a wider community beyond training. Moreover, effectiveness can be interpreted in various ways in different context. Our focus has been on learning outcomes, and we have operationalised this through an established framework for on levels of training effectiveness (Praslova 2010/Kirkpatrick, 1959). +
Incorporating gender, health, and climate justice in your research: A reflexive question card exercise +
Based on your previous reflections please revise or formulate a research question that integrates intersectional awareness. +
In addition to the facilitator feedback after the group-work (whatever form the facilitator decides to use) learner’s self-reflection form (SRF) can be used: click on the [https://forms.office.com/Pages/ShareFormPage.aspx?id=WXWumNwQiEKOLkWT5i_j7twYn7PlpvpDlgGDpz2LgIdUOVQ4RU1ER01aVzk0NllKTk5FUVU3RzJTVi4u&sharetoken=O08ePjwroUE6lLvlP8Fd link] to make a copy of the form for the training (collects also the user feedback on the material). You should modify the form as appropriate (e.g. who collects the answers, as you duplicate the form, the responses will be saved on your cloud and you will be the owner of the answers), but you should keep the statements and order of questions the same – otherwise participants will not receive automated feedback. +
Gauge your knowledge on plastic waste management. +
