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From The Embassy of Good Science
| Type | What is this about? | Why is this important? | For whom is this important? | Link | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Academic Integrity Tutorial with Quiz | Education | This online tutorial provides an overview of the importance of academic integrity. Participants will have the opportunity to learn strategies of how to identify plagiarism, conduct academic research, and properly cite citations. | Research integrity issues have to be dealt with at an early stage of a researchers career. This tutorial is a useful and fun way to address this topic. | Early career researchers PhD Students | https://www.umuc.edu/current-students/learning-resources/academic-integrity/tutorial/interactive.html |
| Academic Research in the 21st Century: Maintaining Scientific Integrity in a Climate of Perverse Incentives and Hypercompetition | Education | This study addresses perverse incentives and decreased funding as potential causes for unethical behavior. The authors conclude that academia and federal agencies should better support research and emphasize altruistic and ethical outcomes, not the output. | Researchers | https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/ees.2016.0223 | |
| Academic and research misconduct in the PhD: Issues for students and supervisors | Cases | This case presents four factual anonymised cases of misconduct practices occurring in PhD supervision. More specifically: a) engagement with regulatory processes (i.e., the case of deviation from the initially ethics-approved data collection procedures without informing the relevant regulatory body); b) problems of knowledge or understanding transfer (i.e., a misunderstanding between student and supervisor in relation to intellectual property); c) culturally specific issues in the PhD study (i.e., the writing of disjoined, sometimes plagiarised, paragraphs in the thesis of a student whose first language was not English); d) academic theft (i.e., a student discovered her ex-supervisor had published work containing a literature review very similar to her own). | These are thought provoking examples of roles and responsibilities in the PhD student-supervisor relationship. They are real examples that can be used for reflection for supervisors and students alike, as well as for teaching purposes. | PhD Students Supervisors | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0260691707000664 |
| Academic integrity at MIT, a handbook for students | Education | This handbook outlines important information you will need to know about correctly acknowledging your sources when you write a report, research paper, critical essay, or position paper. It provides guidelines for collaboration on assignments and writing code. The handbook also provides information about what constitutes violations of academic integrity and the consequences of committing such violations'"`UNIQ--ref-00000219-QINU`"'. '"`UNIQ--references-0000021A-QINU`"' | All stakeholders in research Students | https://integrity.mit.edu/sites/default/files/documents/AcademicIntegrityHandbook2018-color.pdf | |
| Academic integrity checklist | Education | This flyer contains a wealth of small pointers for writing a paper, conducting research and working with others. You’ll find advice to help you on your way, and handy hints'"`UNIQ--ref-00000218-QINU`"'. | All stakeholders in research Students | https://students.uu.nl/sites/default/files/uu-academicintegrity.pdf | |
| Academic medical centers and medical research: the challenges ahead | Education | This study presents different challenges in medical research, such as the need to manage public expectations for new discoveries and maintain the public trust as well as consider the gap between research costs and funding sources. The authors examined these and other challenges and offered recommendations to medical schools and teaching hospitals on dealing with them. | Researchers Students | https://iims.uthscsa.edu/sites/iims/files/MDT-Challenges-2-Other.pdf | |
| Academic research record-keeping: best practices for individuals, group leaders, and institutions | Education | This article informs on the best research record-keeping practices developed as an adjunct to a research project on research ethics. These practices provide separate standards for individual researchers, research group leaders and departments or institutions and are offered as ethical and practical guidelines for researchers. | Researchers | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3943904/ | |
| Accuracy of Credentials and Competence in Public Communications | Cases | Carrie Mediln is a researcher who took a teaching position without completing her doctorate. She is routinely addressed by students as "Doctor" and is often introduced as "Doctor" Medlin during academic events and public speaking opportunities. She never clarifies that she did not receive a PhD degree. The case study asks whether Medlin has a responsibility to clarify her credentials. | Researchers Early career researchers General public | https://www.asanet.org/teaching-learning/faculty/teaching-ethics-throughout-curriculum/case-30-accuracy-credentials-and-competence-public-communications | |
| Act on the Danish Council for Research and Innovation Policy | Guidelines | This law, that covers various aspects of research, innovation and integrity, establishes the framework for the Danish Research and Innovation Policy Council and the Danish Independent Research Foundation is are independent bodies that promote research. | Academic institutions Research institutions Research Integrity Officers Researchers Policy makers | https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2017/384 | |
| Acting with Research Integrity | Interactive | Learn about the different ways in which a researcher can act with (and without) integrity! | |||
| Administrators and Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) | Education | This is an online tutorial for administrative staff which contains modules in five instructional areas: conflict of interest, financial management, mentor-trainee responsibilities, collaborative research and data management. | Research administrators have an important role in promoting research integrity and bringing solutions to problems and conflicts. For accomplishing this work, administrators need to have a set of skills and knowledge which are presented in this module. | Administrators | https://ori.hhs.gov/education/products/rcradmin/index.html |
| Advisory Report of the Committee on Exploration of the Revision of the Dutch Code of Conduct | Guidelines | Although the Dutch Code of Ocnduct for Researchers has previously undergone minor revisions, there is a need for more substantial changes in view of recent developments in international codes. This document provides an analysis if the pre-existing guideline and suggests modifications. | All stakeholders in research | https://www.nwo.nl/sites/nwo/files/documents/Adviesrapport%20commissie%20verkenning%20herziening%20gedragscode%20wetenschapsbeo....pdf | |
| Age-Old Conflicts | Cases | This is a fictional case on conflict of interest in biomedical research, including questions for discussion. | This is a useful resource for organizing a case discussion on conflicts of interest. | Researchers PhD Students Research integrity trainers Industry | https://ori.hhs.gov/case-one-age-old-conflicts |
| Agriculture researcher up to 15 retractions for fake peer review | Cases | This is the factual case of an agriculture research scientist whose several papers were retracted following accusation of fake reviews. | Whilst some publishers allow or encourage suggestions for reviewers, one needs to be careful at how they go about this often controversial practice. Journals in general have a transparent policy and set of guidelines on peer-reviewing. Some publishing bodies offer comprehensive sections on peer-reviewing | Reserchers Journal editors Journal publishers | https://retractionwatch.com/2020/04/09/agriculture-researcher-up-to-15-retractions-for-fake-peer-review/ |
| Alliance of German Science Organisations' Principles for the Handling of Research Data | Guidelines | Besides the German National Research Foundation (DFG), other prominent research organizations such as the Alliance of German Science Organisations have also created codes and guidelines that deal with specific topics. This document addresses the importance of good data management practices and the principles therein. | Researchers Research institutions Research Integrity Officers All stakeholders in research | https://www.mpg.de/230783/principles_research_data_2010.pdf | |
| An author realized a paper had plagiarized his thesis. It took the journal four years to retract it. | Cases | This blog post describes a case where the bachelor's thesis of a Hungarian mathematics student is plagiarised and published in Scientific Reports — a Springer Nature title. | This case demonstrates that even famous journals might publish plagiarised material. It also shows that sometimes it might take years before a flawed article is retracted. | Researchers | https://retractionwatch.com/2020/04/20/an-author-realized-a-paper-had-plagiarized-his-thesis-it-took-the-journal-four-years-to-retract-it/ |
| An empirical research study of the efficacy of two plagiarism-detection applications | Education | This article describes a study of the two most popular plagiarism-detection software platforms - Turnitin and SafeAssign and reviews current literature focusing plagiarism-detection efficacy. The study results show that Turnitin had the highest success at plagiarism detection with an 82.4 percent detection rate. | Researchers | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19322900903051011 | |
| An innovation in teaching ethics to medical students | Education | This article presents a model of medical ethics teaching at undergraduate level. This model allows students to discuss ethical problems in small groups. | Researchers Undergraduate trainers | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02435.x | |
| An issue with insufficient data in the survey-resulting in a non-representative sample | Scenarios | This is the hypothetical scenario about the research process which was poorly planned. | Careful research planning helps to eliminate potential problems and increases the validity of the findings. | All stakeholders in research Bachelor students Doctoral students | https://zenodo.org/record/6105012 |
| An issue with insufficient data in the survey-resulting in a non-representative sample | Cases | Case describing poorly planned research study. | Doctoral students Bachelor students All stakeholders in research | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6105012 | |
| Analyzing Data From Studies Depicted on Video: An Activity for Statistics and Research Courses | Education | This article describes a student activity that consists of the video instructions and analysis and interpretation of realistic data. The activity allows students to apply their knowledge of statistics and research methodology to real situations without conducting actual research. | Students | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0098628312475035 | |
| Animal research: IACUC Inspection Virtual Walkthrough | Education | This is a free online course intended for inspectors from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) who conduct inspections of animal facilities for compliance with U.S. regulatory standards. The course is a field guide which presents animal facilities in a 360-degree panoramic image with some inspecting items and provides tips for inspecting them. | Researchers | https://ori.hhs.gov/education/products/IACUC/home.html | |
| Animal resources | Education | This online training aims to help researchers in their research with animals. It contains three web modules. First one offers virtual tours of animal facility inspections. Second one deals with ethics and use of animals in research. Finally, third one provides information on the PHS Policy on human care and use of lab animals. | All stakeholders in research | https://ori.hhs.gov/animal-resources | |
| Annual review of ethics (case studies) | Education | Research Ethics Cases are a tool for discussing scientific integrity. Cases are designed to confront the readers with a specific problem that does not lend itself to easy answers'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FD-QINU`"'. | By providing a focus for discussion, cases help staff involved in research to define or refine their own standards, to appreciate alternative approaches to identifying and resolving ethical problems, and to develop skills for dealing with hard problems on their own'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FE-QINU`"'. | All stakeholders in research | https://oir.nih.gov/sourcebook/ethical-conduct/responsible-conduct-research-training/annual-review-ethics-case-studies |
| Anonymity Declined | Cases | On wrting a second ethnographic work about a village, the researcher went against the wishes of the villagers by not using their real names but acted in accordance with the Principles of Professional Responsibility of the American Anthropological Association. She made exceptions where she judged that using a real name would please the person. | Researchers | https://www.americananthro.org/ParticipateAndAdvocate/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=1805 | |
| Anonymity Revisited | Cases | This fictional case is about an applied medical anthropologist who wrote a series of articles when she was working in an urban black community in the United States. She wrote her articles in an anonymous way so that individuals and/or the community would not be harmed. However, members of the community started a discussion because they were surprised that the name of the community health center and the name of the town were not given. | Anthropological conventions specify the use of pseudonyms in certain types of anthropological reporting, specifically if there is any chance that individuals or a community might be harmed. | Researchers Early career researchers Research subjects research integrity researchers | https://www.americananthro.org/LearnAndTeach/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=12923&RDtoken=16518&userID=5089&navItemNumber=731 |
| Anticipate and Communicate. Ethical Management of Incidental and Secondary Findings in the Clinical, Research, and Direct-to-Consumer Contexts | Guidelines | These guidelines aim to help researchers in biomedicine and health. They provide recommendations applicable to the ethical management of incidental findings in general and those relevant in specific situations. | Researchers | https://bioethicsarchive.georgetown.edu/pcsbi/sites/default/files/FINALAnticipateCommunicate_PCSBI_0.pdf | |
| Application of a sensemaking approach to ethics training in the physical sciences and engineering | Education | This study addresses one of the approaches in ethics training, focused on the development of ethical decision-making skills. It proposes a new curriculum with focus on day-to-day social and professional practices that have ethical implications for the physical sciences and engineering. The training resulted in researchers' increased ethical decision-making in relation to data management, study conduct, professional and business practices. | Researchers Trainers | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11948-007-9048-z | |
| Applying Research Findings to Enhance Pre-Practicum Ethics Training | Education | This study aimed to outline research findings from psychology and neuroscience that are important for moral decision making. It also considers how ethics educators can implement these findings in ethics courses. The research findings provide explanations regarding psychologists' ethical decision making. It also offers guidance on how educators can assist future psychologists cope with problems of ethical decision making. | trainers | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10508422.2017.1313705?journalCode=hebh20 | |
| Are these data real? Statistical methods for the detection of data fabrication in clinical trials | Education | In this study authors used statistical methods to compare data from two clinical trials - one with concerns of research misconduct and other with no such concerns. The results showed that data from the suspected clinical trial were fabricated. | researchers | https://www.bmj.com/content/331/7511/267 | |
| Artificial tracheas and severe research misconduct | Cases | This is a factual case. '"`UNIQ--references-00000165-QINU`"' | researchers research leaders All stakeholders in research | https://news.ki.se/the-macchiarini-case-timeline | |
| Assessing the educational literature in the responsible conduct of research for core content. | Education | This article provides a review of education materials in responsible conduct of research in biomedical and life sciences. Authors split their findings in several categories: data acquisition, management, sharing and ownership; mentor and trainee relationship; publication practices and responsible authorship; peer review; collaborative science; research on humans; research on laboratory animals; research misconduct; and conflict of interest. Authors hope this review will help raise awareness for responsible conduct of research among biomedical and life scientists. | Research integrity is increasingly considered a core instructional area. Proper education and training will contribute to the cultivation of responsible research culture while corresponding to the ethical, financial and legal requirements related to acceptance of funding. | PhD students Early career researchers | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08989620500217420 |
| Attempting to Assure Accuracy | Cases | Professor Dale Goodman is asked by a non-academic journal to review a book about prostitution, which lies within the scope of expertise, even if the book is not academic. He tries to write an honest assessment of the book's merits and submits it to the journal, which changes the review's title upon publication without informing Goodman. The researcher believes that the new title, "Prison Babes" is harmful and misrepresents the book, the review and the discussed phenomenon. The case asks about the appropriate course of action in such situations. | Journal publishers Publishers Researchers Reviewers | https://www.asanet.org/teaching-learning/faculty/teaching-ethics-throughout-curriculum/case-31-attempting-assure-accuracy | |
| Australian Codes for the Responsible Conduct of Research | Guidelines | The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia has various codes and policies on responsible research. The page contains an overview of the following codes and guidelines:
| The Australian research community can benefit from the guidelines from the NHMRC. | Researchers Academic staff All stakeholders in research | https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/research-policy/research-integrity |
| Australian Guide to Managing and Investigating Potential Breaches of the Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research | Guidelines | This guideline specifies the official procedures of investigating research misconduct (RM) in Australia. RM breaches, as defined in the guideline, occur on a spectrum, with RM being serious or repeated breaches of the Australian Code. | Having official procedures in place for investigating RM can ensure the processes are held in a fair and transparent manner. | Researchers Research Integrity Officers | https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/reports/guide-managing-investigating-potential-breaches.pdf#targetText=Research%20Integrity%20Advisor%20(RIA)%20Person,potential%20breaches%20of%20the%20Code |
| Australian Research Council Research Integrity Policy | Guidelines | The policy outlines requirements for institutions, and individuals engaged in Australian Research Council (ARC) business, to report to the ARC research integrity matters, and the action the ARC may take in response to reported breaches of the Code. It also describes how the ARC can refer concerns or complaints to research institutions, who, in accordance with the Code, are responsible for managing and investigating potential breaches of the Code. | The purpose of this policy is to promote and support research integrity and safeguard confidence in the value of publicly funded research by: - making transparent the ARC’s role in ensuring research integrity and addressing breaches of the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research (2018) (the Code); - establishing a framework to support the integrity of the ARC’s grant application, peer review, grant selection and research evaluation processes, funding decisions and research; and - raising awareness of the importance of research integrity and the possible consequences for research institutions and individuals if appropriate standards are not maintained. | All stakeholders in research | https://www.arc.gov.au/policies-strategies/strategy/arc-research-integrity-and-research-misconduct-policy |
| Austrian Agency for Research Integrity Guidelines for Good Scientific Practice | Guidelines | The Austrian Agency for Research Integrity (Osterreichische Agentur fur Wissenschaftliche Integritat - OeAWI) works to raise awareness of the standards of good scientific practice among scientists and researchers as well as the general public. It also contributes to ensuring that violations of the standards of good scientific practice are identified and remedied. The organisation works to strengthen the ethos of science and research, and advocates adherence to the code of conduct derived from that ethos. Its activities focus on investigating and preventing misconduct in research and scholarship, not on imposing sanctions for misconduct. Given that violations of the standards of good scientific practice are not necessarily also violations of applicable law, the OeAWI performs its duties as a complement to – but not in competition with – the legal system. Legislation relevant to science and research, the principles of research ethics and the standards of good scientific practice all contribute equally to ensuring a high degree of integrity in research and scholarship. | The quality of research is a precious asset for every society. Social progress, economic value creation, social living conditions and fairness between generations in shaping the future would all be unimaginable without reliable scientific and scholarly knowledge. Ensuring the quality of that knowledge is the duty of scientists and researchers themselves. Because scientific research can be highly specialised and complex, and because there are various links between science and research, politics, the business world and other actors in society, self-governance in science and research can only be effective if it is codified and institutionalised. As an organisation established by Austria‘s research institutions themselves, the OeAWI makes an important contribution to effective self-governance in the Austrian science and research system. | researchers | https://oeawi.at/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/OeAWI_Broschüre_Web_2019.pdf |
| Author Misconduct: Not Just the Editors' Responsibility | Cases | This case described how the limited space in journals is not aligned with the increase in submissions. Due to publication pressure authors sometimes cut corners, which can lead to cases of misconduct.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000018D-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--references-0000018E-QINU`"' | This paper aims to explore common types of publication misconduct in the editorial office in a specific journal, and considers several implications | Researchers PhD students | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.02027.x |
| Author accused of stealing research and publishing under their name | Cases | We received a letter from a third party, accusing author A of putting his/her name against an article, published in our journal, when the research itself belongs to author A's student. Our journal is a fully English language publication and the accusing third party and author A are from a non-English speaking country, as is the student (assumedly). The accusing third party forwarded the student's research paper to the editor which is entirely written in another language but contained an English abstract. The Editor contacted author A and the response received included an attached confirmation letter supposedly from his/her student stating that they had no involvement in the published work by author A and that their research is completely separate to the published paper by author A. We have several concerns: 1. It is difficult for the editor to examine the abstract the third party sent to us against the published article by author A. 2. We do not know if the response letter emailed from author A, confirming no involvement in author A's paper, is genuinely from the student. 3. The accuser's identity or relation to the matter is unknown to us. Ideally the editor needs to contact the student directly but we need bona fide contact details of the student and we are not sure we would get it from the accuser or the accused author A. Google is also of little help as there are so many people with the name. | Journal editors Journal publishers | https://publicationethics.org/case/author-accused-stealing-research-and-publishing-under-their-name | |
| Author misconduct: Not just the editors' responsibility | Cases | Researchers everywhere are under increasing pressure to publish in high quality journals. The amount of space available in a journal such as Medical Education has not kept pace with the rise in submissions. Against a background of fierce competition, authors sometimes cut corners. This may lead to misconduct. This paper aims to explore the most common types of publication misconduct seen in the Medical Education editorial office, and to consider the reasons for this and the implications for researchers in the field. | Academic institutions Journal publishers Peer-reviewers Authors | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.02027.x | |
| Authors couldn’t find a patient to give consent for case report. Then the patient found the report. | Cases | This short text informs about a case of a 35-year-old woman with a mysterious mass that took 11 years to be diagnosed. Since the authors could not reach the patient to obtain her consent for publication, they removed any identifiable information and published the paper anyway. The patient eventually read the paper, recognized herself and asked for retraction. | Researchers Journal editors | https://retractionwatch.com/2017/02/27/authors-couldnt-find-patient-give-consent-case-report-patient-found-report/ | |
| Authorship Deserved, Not Earned: Research Ethics and Research Integrity Scenario | Scenarios | Although ICMJE clearly defines the role of authors through its sets of recommendations, authorship criteria are not always strictly followed. The recommendations get blurry and faded based on convenience, interpersonal conflicts, or become subjected to manipulation. Such is the case described in this scenario, where a young researcher has a dispute with his superior about a rightful co-authorship. A publication would propel his career, but it appears there is no room for discussion. | This scenario warrants serious consideration on employed practices regarding ghost authorship. Several consequences might arise from this malpractice. Early-career scientists are deterred from gaining research visibility and acquiring writing skills. In the long run, it generates a vicious circle of bringing up new generation academics that might repeat the same mistakes if they were to become group leaders. Aside from long-term consequences on the health of academia, another problem arises – the lack of adequate bodies, in certain settings, that could help address and resolve the given problem. Institutions that haven't done so already, should widely act upon continuous education about good research practice on all levels, as well as implementing research integrity offices. | Academic institutions Authors Students Research Ethics Committees Research integrity trainers | https://zenodo.org/record/6200379#.YhNn0ZYo-3A |
| Authorship and Intellectual Property | Cases | A researcher is left feeling resentful after not having been made an author on a research paper even though the researcher provided the underlying idea for the project. | Researchers | https://bioethicsresearch.org/resources/case-studies/authorship-and-intellectual-property/ | |
| Authorship and publication | Education | This handout provides a broad conceptual subway map of the world of publication, to support the Authorship and Publication training provided by QUT Library and Office of Research Ethics and Integrity'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FB-QINU`"'. The map provides a framework to help explain and discuss the complex world of academic publication. '"`UNIQ--references-000001FC-QINU`"' | PhD Students Supervisors Early career researchers Graduate students Professors Research integrity trainers | https://figshare.com/articles/Authorship_and_Publication/5801682 | |
| Authorship in a Multi-Center Clinical Trial: the HF-ACTION Experience | Education | This article describes how the HF-ACTION investigators devised a system to address assignment of authorship on trial publications. The HF-ACTION Authorship and Publication (HAP) Scoring System was designed to increase dissemination, recognize investigator contributions to the trial and apply individual expertise in manuscript production. | Researchers | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4444064/ | |
| Authorship in scholarly manuscripts: practical considerations for resident and early career physicians | Education | This article addresses different issues regarding authorship in scholarly manuscripts. The authors suggest that residents and early career physicians need to be educated about authorship rules and problems as well as equitable resolutions. They also invite for considering alternative ways to credit authorship. | Researchers | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19349451/ | |
| Authorship: video | Education | This video is about determing authorship. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of working alone or in a team. Advices are giving about working in a team. | All stakeholders in research | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMUFWuWHUt0 | |
| Author’s Permission Guidelines | Guidelines | These guidelines are intended for researchers or publishers with aim of helping them identify what they need to request permission to reproduce material created by others, including images and text quotations. | Researchers Publishers | https://press.uchicago.edu/resource/permissions.html | |
| Automatic plagiarism detection with PAIRwise 2.0. | Education | This study examined a plagiarism detection system PAIRwise for instructors, researchers and students. It showed that PAIRwise can detect verbatim plagiarism efficiently. | researchers trainers students | https://www.learntechlib.org/p/33261/ | |
| Avoiding Plagiarism, Self-plagiarism, and Other Questionable Writing Practices: A Guide to Ethical Writing | Education | This tool is intended for students and researchers to identify and prevent questionable research practices. It deals particularly with plagiarism and self plagiarism. | Researchers Students | https://ori.hhs.gov/avoiding-plagiarism-self-plagiarism-and-other-questionable-writing-practices-guide-ethical-writing | |
| Avoiding bias in qualitative data analysis | Other | This short text gives five tips to avoid bias in qualitative data analysis: 1. Use multiple people to code the data; 2. Have participants review your results; 3. Verify with more data sources; 4. Check for alternative explanations; 5. Review findings with peers. | Researchers PhD students | https://baselinesupport.campuslabs.com/hc/en-us/articles/204305695-Avoiding-bias-in-qualitative-data-analysis | |
| Avoiding twisted pixels: ethical guidelines for the appropriate use and manipulation of scientific digital images | Education | This study provides 12 guidelines for digital image manipulation. The guidelines can be included into lab meetings and trainings of graduate students with aim of inciting discussion that could lead to the end of "data beautification". | Graduate students | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20567932/ | |
| BT Cotton Hoax in a University in India | Cases | Based on a news from Times of India (TOI), a study regarding the development of a new indigenous gene was completely fake. The gene that was stated is a new variety of Bt Cotton or Bt gene (BNla106 truncated cry1 AC). Hence, the project team responsible for the study claimed that they had already developed a new variety of Bt cotton seeds. However, experts found that the construct of Bt cotton has a Monsanto gene (Mon-531), which exemplifies that the cotton seeds was never altered or still it is the common seed. Moreover, the variety of BT cotton was already brought in the public in the year 2008 and the paper work of the UAS was published in the Current Science regardless of dubious claims that was later found out and thus, the published work was later on withdrawn (dated December 25, 2007). In 2012, the Monsanto gene was introduced by the media through a UAS staffer that it was indeed present and was never altered at all. Furthermore, it was found out through a 129-page report that a scope was contaminated due to the seeds being mass multiplied. | Academic institutions Research Integrity Officers | https://btcottonmisconduct.blogspot.com/ | |
| Backstage Maneuvers | Cases | An anthropologist working for two organisation has been asked to delay her (developed) funding application with one organisation in order to faciliatate the other | Funding institutions Anthropologists Collaborating researchers Administrators Ethnographers | https://www.americananthro.org/LearnAndTeach/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=12939 | |
| Baltimore Case - In Brief | Cases | In 1986, Thereza Imanishi-Kari co-authored a scientific paper on immunology with five other authors including Nobel laureate David Baltimore '"`UNIQ--ref-000001AE-QINU`"'. Margot O'Toole, who was a postdoc in Imanishi-Kari's laboratory and also acknowledged in the paper “for critical reading of the manuscript”, reported Imanishi-Kari for fabrication after discovering laboratory notebook pages with conflicting data. Baltimore refused to retract the paper and Imanishi-Kari dismisses O'Toole from the laboratory. After a series of published statements in Nature and a bitter debate within the biomedical community '"`UNIQ--ref-000001AF-QINU`"', Baltimore and three co-authors then retracted the paper. Baltimore publicly apologized for defense of fabricated data and not taking a whistle-blower's accusations seriously '"`UNIQ--ref-000001B0-QINU`"'. The Office of Research Integrity (ORI) found Imanishi-Kari guilty for data fabrication and attempts of covering up those fabrications with additional frauds. However, the appeals panel of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) ruled that the ORI had failed to prove misconduct by Imanishi-Kari and dismissed all charges against her '"`UNIQ--ref-000001B1-QINU`"'. This is a factual case. '"`UNIQ--references-000001B2-QINU`"' | When an article is published, all authors are responsible for what is written in the paper. If the paper contains fabricated data, all the authors are deemed to be responsible. | Researchers All stakeholders in research Editors General public Research Integrity Officers Journals | https://science.sciencemag.org/content/253/5015/24.1.abstract |
| Banked Samples and HD Testing | Cases | A woman brushes off her most recent diagnosis, Huntington disease (HD), and resists her doctor’s recommendations to tell her family about the diagnosis. By not disclosing this information to her family, they would not know that they might want to get tested for HD. Prior to diagnosis, the woman and her family provided genetic samples to a research database to investigate a genetic disease unrelated to HD. Since the database project required written consent for using samples in future research, the doctor wonders if he can run tests for HD on the stored samples that would include the materials of the woman and her family. | Clinical researchers Laboratory researchers | https://bioethicsresearch.org/resources/case-studies/banked-samples-and-hd-testing-2/ | |
| Becoming an Ethical Researcher | Education | Becoming an Ethical Researcher is a badged open course run by the Open University on its OpenLearn platform. This runs for 11 months of the year and was launched on 1 October 2020. It is designed to take 6 weeks of study for 2 hours per week. | Early career researchers Senior researchers Researchers Qualitative researchers | https://www.open.edu/openlearn/education-development/becoming-ethical-researcher/content-section-overview-0?active-tab=description-tab | |
| Belgian Code of Ethics for Scientific Research | Guidelines | The “Code of Ethics for Scientific Research in Belgium” establishes the major principles of ethically justified scientific practice in Belgium. As the code already dates from 2009, many consider it to be out of date. All Flemish universities no longer refer to it and have replaced it by the ALLEA code. | National ethics guidelines can stimulate good research practices by presenting guidance of what constitutes good scientific practice in a specific country. | All stakeholders in research Early career researchers Senior researchers PhD students | https://www.kuleuven.be/english/research/integrity/practices/belspo-code |
| Best Practice Guide for Research Integrity and Ethics | Guidelines | The Austrian Higher Education Conference published a new Best Practice Guide for Research Integrity and Ethic. The guide for research integrity and ethics presented here is a compilation of standards for good research practice and principles of research ethics. | The position paper presented here takes this into consideration by addressing the responsibility of the researchers and the research institutions. In its examination of the general normative principles of the research process and through its recommendations on specific best practices, these guidelines for good research practice are intended to contribute to raising awareness of research integrity and research ethics in Austria and ensuring the freedom of researchers. | Academic staff All stakeholders in research Policy makers Research performing organisations | https://oeawi.at/en/events/best-practice-guide-for-research-integrity-and-ethics/ |
| Best Practice to Order Authors in Multi/Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Research Publications | Education | The article addresses misunderstandings and disputes regarding authorship in multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary health research teams. The authors propose a five-step "best practice" that includes the distribution of contributorship and authorship for multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research. They conclude that this procedure involves dialogue and the use of a contributorship taxonomy as well as a declaration explaining contributorship. | Researchers | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08989621.2017.1287567 | |
| Beyond "compliance": the role of institutional culture in promoting research integrity. | Education | The study aims to explore the role of institutional culture in promoting research integrity. Research participants provide useful insighta in fostering research integrity, especially with regard to relationships and power differences between individuals or groups. | Researchers Trainers | https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/fulltext/2010/08000/Beyond__Compliance___The_Role_of_Institutional.13.aspx?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=d2b0207b3693b2bff6252dad823cc7d7d97959c9-1604392904-0-AUmzWzDeQq_ZyURAT2GOVpJMRlSIEJ7aWE2npP_34zt6FQy-jxpDKAQ2NzTK3zik0sl8hLri5z26MlraoSN1KF_igqgSMIV_WbuWrPTG28QSh90jqiQbAjVWf7TRZB6_Bxx7i6PfpakL6IlBk80IlHuIw2HaR4JrcpzchKQh9U7NbuoSGPKhhKZ07NqlxpNOBmV33D36wzcn7XutogP0Qdmv4IxbM1Af9w7hhointIhdFdfHcA30DekiUuIJJZhQw90Fz_Wr743BiZHct8UqrqB0zKRxHlzzb-qdhLjTD7vrxdEbVCh-PZHuZoNaPTo_qGyz7aLyUrGWfKaTcO7YBlxDfY6ILWZ78i_qT4Xj-R-DgPlmwj6eS-HEfgJnVuEPE9OAhIpB3omFksvlB4l-xS8tScIyZEUJiaOtYZmZRbD9jQr0ZWixLyx2ZcINgiREHt-7gAv_j6On5tnkWPgjzvU | |
| Bias in Historical Description, Interpretation, and Explanation | Cases | This article provides several examples of bias in history research with an emphasis on cultural bias. The author concludes that while personal bias can be avoided, cultural bias is not easy to detect or avoid. | Researchers PhD students Educators | https://www.jstor.org/stable/2677997?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents | |
| Bias in hiring | Cases | A female physicist is applying for a prestigious job at a top university that has a reputation for being conservative. During the interview the physicist is asked if she has a significant other who works in the same field. Should she answer the question? | Women in academia Interview committees | https://www.aps.org/programs/education/ethics/bias/hiring.cfm | |
| Bioethicists Call for Investigation Into Nutritional Experiments on Aboriginal People | Cases | Factual cases of research on people without their approval. | Cases like these are unethical and should be prevented and/or investigated for misconduct. | researchers General public All stakeholders in research | http://www.cmaj.ca/content/185/14/1201 |
| Bioethics: an introduction | Education | An introductory series by Marianne Talbot exploring bioethical theories and their philosophical foundations. These podcasts will explain key moral theories, common moral arguments, and some background logic'"`UNIQ--ref-00000217-QINU`"'. | Bachelor students PhD Students Junior researchers Early career researchers | https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/series/bioethics-introduction | |
| Biologist Spared Jail For Grant Fraud | Cases | This is a factual case describing how an immunologist at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Luk Van Parijs, was found to be solely responsible for more than 11 incidents of data fabrication in grant applications and papers submitted between 1997 and 2004. '"`UNIQ--ref-000001EB-QINU`"' Van Parijs avoided jail after several prominent scientists wrote letters begging for clemency on his behalf and was sentenced to home detention, community service and financial restitution.'"`UNIQ--ref-000001EC-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--references-000001ED-QINU`"' | The case illustrates that coming clean promptly can be a good strategy for those who have committed scientific misconduct. The case can spur awareness of early signs.'"`UNIQ--ref-000001EE-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--references-000001EF-QINU`"' | Researchers PI Supervisors | https://www.nature.com/articles/474552a |
| Biomedical Alliance in Europe (Biomed Alliance) Code of Conduct | Guidelines | The Biomedical Alliance in Europe (BioMed Alliance) is a group of 34 European medical societies, with a total of more than 400,000 members, created in 2010 to unite researchers and healthcare professionals and address common issues at the European level. | Via their code of conduct, BioMed Alliance aims to promote the best interests and values of their members, promote excellence in healthcare, research and innovation, and improve the well-being of all European citizens. | All stakeholders in research Researchers | https://www.biomedeurope.org/about/code-of-conduct.html |
| Blinded by Private Conflict – Choosing Ego Over Professionalism | Scenarios | The Embassy of Good Science is a wiki platform developed in the EnTIRE project, which was granted in the EU Horizon 2020 programme four years ago. The platform and its relevance for Research Integrity (RI) in Europe and beyond were presented during the final conference of the project, which was held online on October 25th and 26th, 2021. This case scenario was submitted as a part of research integrity scenario competition that was held during the second day of the conference. | The scenario focuses on a student whose years of hard work might go to waste because of her mentor's pride. When mentoring, one always must be aware of the fact that they bear a great responsibility. It’s not about the benefits that come with the ,,mentor” title, it’s about teaching your protégé, developing a healthy working relationship, helping and encouraging them every step of the way. While doing so, the integrity of the project, the mentee and the mentor must be preserved. | students Academic institutions Academic staff Advisors of students Bachelor students Clinical ethics consultants Graduate students phd students Graduate and postgraduate students Junior researchers Laboratory researchers Students Mentors | https://zenodo.org/record/5605909#.YerJBS1Q3s1 |
| Bothered and Bewildered But not Bewitched | Cases | This is a factual case that describes the reasons for the (potential) retraction of various articles. Most of these articles are retracted due to authorship issues, while others are potentially retracted due to data falsification. One of the articles is retracted because one of the co-authors was not aware of its publication, nor did he permit for the publication. | All authors listed on a manuscript or article should have permitted publication of the article. Otherwise, the paper will be retracted soon after publication and a lot of funding and hard work is wasted, as this case proves. The journal discussed here has measures in place to make sure that all authors have agreed to the publication, such as an agreement form that needs to be signed by all co-authors. However, the present case shows that this is not always effective and stresses the importance to remain vigilant even with these measures in place. In addition, the present case shows that it is in nobody’s interest to counterfeit the permission of one of the authors. | Researchers | https://www.jci.org/articles/view/37695 |
| Business Ethics Perspectives: Faculty Plagiarism and Fraud | Education | This article discusses why faculty plagiarism and fraud happen in business organizations and among students. The authors offer advices to universities to help them develop ethical culture that would reduce the possibility of such research misconducts. Based on these recommendations, universities should create defined policies and standards, develop codes of conduct and guarantee training, among others. | Researchers Students | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-012-1234-5 | |
| CIOMS International guidelines on good governance practice for research institutions | Guidelines | These guidelines provide detailed guidance for research institutions, providing standards and best practices for institutions to implement to facilitate the conduct of good, ethical scientific research. | All stakeholders in research Research institutions medical researchers | https://cioms.ch/publications/product/international-guidelines-on-good-governance-practice-for-research-institutions/#description | |
| COPE Cases | Cases | This is a collection of case studies on publication ethics developed by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). The collection is constantly updated with new cases which are submitted by COPE members. | The collection of cases is a useful recourse for teaching publication ethics and for discussing ethical dilemmas in the field. | Editors Researchers PhD students | https://publicationethics.org/cases |
| COPE Journals’ Best Practices for Ensuring Consent for Publishing Medical Case Reports | Guidelines | This COPE's guide provides basic principles regarding patient's consent for publishing medical case reports. It informs about what information needs to be collected and gives several examples of these forms. | Journal editors Researchers | https://publicationethics.org/files/Best_Practices_for_Ensuring_Consent_for_Publishing_Medical_Case_Reports_guidance_from_COPE.pdf | |
| COPE core practices | Education | The COPE core practices are guidelines for all stakeholders involved in academic publishing. They replaced COPE’s previous code of conduct and may be used in addition to national codes of conduct. | To prevent misconduct in academic publishing it is important to define the best practices and ethical standards. Therefore, these core practices dictate how to ethically handle potential cases of misconduct, as well as ways to minimize the chances that misconduct may occur in academic publishing. | Early career researchers All stakeholders in research | https://publicationethics.org/core-practices |
| COPE flowcharts | Education | The flowcharts are designed to help editors follow COPE’s Core Practices and implement its advice when faced with cases of suspected misconduct and have been translated into a number of different languages'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FF-QINU`"'. | All stakeholders in research | https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts | |
| COPE seminar, webinar and ppt presentation | Education | These educational recourses provide recording of COPE seminars, webinars and COPE PPT presentations. They can serve as introduction regarding all research integrity issues related to publication ethics. | These resources give a clear overview about the major challenges regarding publication ethics. Challenges that all people (in)directly involved in the research are obliged to confront with. Publication pressure and other factors | All stakeholders in research Peer reviewers Research integrity trainers | https://publicationethics.org/resources/seminars-and-webinars |
| Can a scientific paper be published anonymously? | Cases | Two authors wrote to an editorial committee to ask whether they could publish a paper anonymously. The authors work in a general practice, producing research that showed the health-related problems arising from the practice switching one of its contracts from one laboratory to another. The authors did not want to be perceived as assigning blame to any single party. The committee declined to publish the paper anonymously. This is a factual anonymized case. | When it comes to authoring a research paper, the authors must be prepared to take responsibility for their findings, claims and arguments. The assumption is that the authors should disclose themselves in order to take ownership of their work. | Researchers Editors Journal editors Journals Peer reviewers | https://publicationethics.org/case/can-scientific-paper-be-published-anonymously |
| Canadian Tri-agency framework: Responsible Conduct of Research | Guidelines | The Responsible Conduct of Research Framework describes policies and requirements related to applying for and managing funds from three Canadian Agencies (the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)). Requirements related to performing research, disseminating results, and the processes that institutions and agencies must follow in the event of an allegation of a breach of policy are also outlined.
| All stakeholders in research | http://www.rcr.ethics.gc.ca/eng/policy-politique/framework-cadre/ | |
| Canaries in the Mines: Children, Risk, Non-Therapeutic Research, and Justice | Cases | This is a factual case discussing the Kennedy Krieger lead paint study, where a United States Court of Appeals condemned what it called a “non-therapeutic research programme” using children. The court ruled that a parent cannot consent to the participation of a child in “non-therapeutic” research in the state of Maryland . The case involves issues that had been given little attention by the courts, such as children’s participation in research, proxy consent, and the duties of medical researchers towards their participants. The analysis includes a discussion of the relevance of the “therapeutic” versus “non-therapeutic” importance and value of a study, as well as cost-benefit analysis, the design of research, and study aims. | The analysis provides a strategy to help identify when something is amiss with a research proposal and prompts a much closer examination of such issues. | Researchers PI | https://jme.bmj.com/content/30/2/176 |
| Cape Town Statement on Research Integrity | Guidelines | This statement, developed at the 7th World Conference on Research Integrity in Cape Town in May 2023, outlines 20 recommendations aimed at improving fairness and equity in research practices, from conception right through to implementation. | All stakeholders in research | https://www.wcrif.org/guidance/cape-town-statement | |
| Carlo Croce: data falsification and other scientific misconduct | Cases | This is a factual case about Carlo Croce, a famous cancer researcher who has been charged with data falsification and other scientific misconduct. | This is a real case which can be discussed and analyzed as an example of scientific misconduct. | Researchers PhD Students Research integrity trainers | https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/08/science/cancer-carlo-croce.html |
| Case Studies For Small Group Discussion | Cases | This is a collection of fictional and real case studies in research ethics, including questions for discussion. The cases are presented in written or video format. Topics include research misconduct, data acquisition and management, reproducibility, safe laboratory practices and animal welfare. | This collection of cases is useful for organizing group discussions. | Researchers PhD Students Research integrity trainers | https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/node/26556/documents/oct-cases-2018-final-7-9-18.pdf |
| Case Study Collection | Cases | This resource is a database of ethics cases from different fields of science: natural sciences, life sciences, engineering, social sciences, and business. Each case study includes a short description of the case and a link to either a full text version of the case or to its location on a web site maintained by another organization. | The database includes a broad collection of cases. The cases can be searched by keyword, subject, or discipline. | Research integrity trainers Graduate students Undergraduate students PhD students Researchers | http://ethics.iit.edu/eelibrary/case-study-collection |
| Case Study Videos | Cases | The resource includes brief videos illustrating research ethics issues arising in academic settings. The core areas included are: Data Acquisition, Management, Sharing and Ownership; Conflict of Interest and Commitment; Human Subjects; Animal Welfare; Research Misconduct; Publication Practices and Responsible Authorship; Mentor/Trainee Responsibilities; Peer Review; Collaborative Science. | Doctoral students Early career researchers PhD Students Research integrity trainers Researchers | https://oric.research.wvu.edu/services/responsible-conduct/core-areas | |
| Case Study: Beginning a Collaboration | Cases | This case study from The Office of Research Integrity (ORI) describes the beginning of a collaboration between three researchers with different research backgrounds. Sharon, Ben, and Terra start drafting a grant proposal, but they are not sure how to handle logistic issues. With regard to that, they need to answer these questions:
| This case study can help researchers identify practical issues and challenges they might come across in collaborations. | PhD students Early career researchers | https://ori.hhs.gov/content/Chapter-8-Collaborative-Research-case-study-beginning-collaboration |
| Case report: incidental finding of a giant cardiac mass | Cases | The study described an interesting case of incidental finding. It regards a 38-year old patient who was found to have a large right ventricular aneurysm. | Researchers | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25114764/ | |
| Case study: : Low-resourced research environments as a barrier to openness | Interactive | ||||
| Case-based ethics instruction: the influence of contextual and individual factors in case content on ethical decision-making | Cases | In this study, authors explored case-based ethics instruction. They looked at the whether ethical decision making could be influenced by contextual and personal factors, which had been integrated into the case content. The cases were altered in such a way to provide a clear description of the social context of the case and indicate the goals of the fictional characters. One result of the study is that the social context was important to facilitate sensemaking, which resulted in greater ethical decision making. | Cases can help making research ethics training more efficient. | Early career researchers PhD Students Junior researchers Master students | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11948-012-9414-3 |
| Case: Apply the Emanuel Framework | Interactive | Different guidelines relating to the ethics of research involving human subjects interpret the different ethical considerations involved in research in different ways. Using the Emanuel framework allows us to respond to the discrepancies between different guidelines in a consistent way. | |||
| Casuistry – is this RM, QRP or RCR? Three cases with dilemmas | Education | Three cases are presented. Are these cases Research Misconduct, Questionable Research Practices or Responsible Conduct of Research? Participants are asked for their normative judgement, after which a discussion takes place. At the end of the case, it is explained what was decided in the real case. The moderator asks the participants not only to make their normative judgement, but also to think about why. Which norms and values are at stake? On which norms and values did you base your judgement? Which values are in conflict and which are more important to you? | Research integrity trainers Training developers Trainers in training | https://www.nrin.nl/ri-collection/education/teachers-tools/slides/is-this-rm-qrp-or-rcr | |
| Center for Open and REproducible Science (CORES) | Education | This project aims to develop and foster transparency and reproducibility in the collection, analysis and dissemination of research data. Its two main objectives are to develop resources and support activities that promote open science practices and also to foster methodological innovations that increase the effectiveness of open science practices. | Students Postdocs Researchers | https://datascience.stanford.edu/cores | |
| Central statistical monitoring: detecting fraud in clinical trials | Education | This study aims to develop and validate a series of risk scores to identify fabricated data. The authors argue that these risk scores could become part of a series of tools that provide evidence-based central statistical monitoring. They conclude that this could improve the efficiency of trials and minimize the need for more expensive on-site monitoring. | Researchers | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23283577/ | |
| Changing a grant proposal to meet the reviewers requests | Cases | This fictional case is about an Associate Professor. She submitted a proposal which received a score too low to be funded. She is wondering what she should do now, because she is certain that her method will work. | The current peer review system may not work positive for everybody. It is important how to react when your proposal as a researcher is rejected for funding without deception. | Researchers Funders Peer reviewers | https://ori.hhs.gov/content/case-two-getting-fair-shake |
| Charter for the Protection and Management of the Archaeological Heritage | Guidelines | Archaeological heritage is any vestige of human activity, in any form of remains, that is associated with a great cultural load. This charter is aimed at the global management and protection of archaeological heritage, by targeting all the stakeholders involved in such discipline, from governments, researchers, to enterprises, and the general public. | A series of 9 articles provide a set of guidelines on a variety of topics related to archaeological heritage to ensure its protection and management. Among others, the charter focuses on protection policies, legislation and economy, surveys, investigation, maintenance and conservation, reconstruction and presentation, information, professional qualifications, and international cooperation. Besides, the charter has been endorsed by the European Association of Archaeologists in their Code of Practice. | Administrators Anthropologists Civil society organisations Ethnographers General public Policy-makers Researchers | http://wp.icahm.icomos.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/1990-Lausanne-Charter-for-Protection-and-Management-of-Archaeological-Heritage.pdf |
| Checklist for higher-risk SSH research | Education | This checklist serves to researchers to examine whether their planned work could involve a higher than minimal risk or increased sensitivity. This is a part of the document Ethics in Social Science and Humanities provided by the European Commission in 2018. | All stakeholders in research | https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/data/ref/h2020/other/hi/h2020_ethics-soc-science-humanities_en.pdf | |
| Chemistry professor faces criminal charges after researcher's death | Cases | This blog post describes what led to the horrific death of a young chemist at UCLA because she was not wearing a lab coat. | The case demonstrates supervisory responsibilities in relation to the health and safety of young researchers who are working in a laboratory. | Senior researchers Academic institutions | http://blogs.nature.com/news/2011/12/chemistry-professor-faces-criminal-charges-after-researcher%e2%80%99s-death.html |
| Child protection and confidentiality: Surveying children’s experiences of violence, abuse and neglect | Cases | In 2008 the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) decided to set up a comprehensive UK-wide study of the prevalence and impact of violence towards children and young people at home, in school and in the community. The study was the first ever in the UK to ask children and young people directly about all forms of violence experienced during childhood and within the past year. A UK-wide household survey was conducted in 2009 with 6196 participants, of whom 2160 were parents/carers of children under 11 years, 2275 were children and young people aged 11 to 17 years and 1761 were young adults aged 18 to 24 years. See www.nspcc.org.uk/childstudy for further details. | Research Ethics Committees Researchers | https://childethics.com/case-studies/child-protection-and-confidentiality-surveying-childrens-experiences-of-violence-abuse-and-neglect-by-lorraine-radford/ | |
| Chinese 'Opinions' on Strengthening Research Integrity | Guidelines | The guidance 'Opinions on Strengthening Research Integrity of Our Country' has been jointly developed by a number of Chinese ministries and organisations (Science and Technology, Education, Finance, Human Resources and Social Security, Health, General Armament Department of People's Liberation Army, Academy of Sciences, Academy of Engineering National Natural Science Foundation and the Association for Science and Technology) with the goal of strengthening research integrity and innovation. The 'opinions' are statements on five areas: 1) the Importance and Urgency of Strengthening Research Integrity Promotion; 2) Guidelines, Principles and Objectives of Research Integrity Promotion; 3) The Development of a Legal System and Norms Relevant to Research Integrity; 4) The Management Institutions Related to Research Integrity; 5) Research Integrity Education and the Professional Ethics of Science Practitioners; 6) Supervisory and Disciplinary Mechanisms, and Research Misconduct; 7) Organizational Work and Leadership, and an Environment Beneficial to Research Integrity. | Researchers | http://www.ircip.cn/web/1044317-1044317.html?id=26645&newsid=630445 | |
| Chinese Professional Ethics and Code of Conduct for the National Natural Science Foundation | Guidelines | In 2009, the National Natural Science Foundation of China introduced standards of professional ethics and a code of conduct for its members, funders, and governors. The aim of this document is to ensure the fair and impartial distribution of resources to research programs. It includes concrete guidelines on review, confidentiality, project management and also guidelines for individual comportment, laying out professional duties and virtues (e.g. self-discipline and honesty) for members. | In an interview, the director of the National Natural Science Foundation of China states that the standards set in the document are relevant for the creation of a culture of fairness and honesty. He claims that this is crucial to preserve the public trust in research findings and set guidelines to create concrete policy for managing an increasing quantity of funds. | Researchers Administrators Funders Research funding organisations | http://www.ircip.cn/web/1044764-1044764.html?id=26645&newsid=1453845 |
| Climate science controversies and the demand for access to empirical data | Education | In this article, I discuss calls for access to empirical data within controversies about climate science, as revealed and highlighted by the publication of the e-mail correspondence involving scientists at the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia in 2009. (J.W. McAllister) | Citizen Scientists everyone | https://doi.org/10.1086/667871 |
