Semantic search
From The Embassy of Good Science
| Type | What is this about? | Why is this important? | For whom is this important? | Link | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Academic Integrity Tutorial with Quiz | Education | This online tutorial provides an overview of the importance of academic integrity. Participants will have the opportunity to learn strategies of how to identify plagiarism, conduct academic research, and properly cite citations. | Research integrity issues have to be dealt with at an early stage of a researchers career. This tutorial is a useful and fun way to address this topic. | Early career researchers PhD Students | https://www.umuc.edu/current-students/learning-resources/academic-integrity/tutorial/interactive.html |
| Academic Research in the 21st Century: Maintaining Scientific Integrity in a Climate of Perverse Incentives and Hypercompetition | Education | This study addresses perverse incentives and decreased funding as potential causes for unethical behavior. The authors conclude that academia and federal agencies should better support research and emphasize altruistic and ethical outcomes, not the output. | Researchers | https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/ees.2016.0223 | |
| Academic and research misconduct in the PhD: Issues for students and supervisors | Cases | This case presents four factual anonymised cases of misconduct practices occurring in PhD supervision. More specifically: a) engagement with regulatory processes (i.e., the case of deviation from the initially ethics-approved data collection procedures without informing the relevant regulatory body); b) problems of knowledge or understanding transfer (i.e., a misunderstanding between student and supervisor in relation to intellectual property); c) culturally specific issues in the PhD study (i.e., the writing of disjoined, sometimes plagiarised, paragraphs in the thesis of a student whose first language was not English); d) academic theft (i.e., a student discovered her ex-supervisor had published work containing a literature review very similar to her own). | These are thought provoking examples of roles and responsibilities in the PhD student-supervisor relationship. They are real examples that can be used for reflection for supervisors and students alike, as well as for teaching purposes. | PhD Students Supervisors | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0260691707000664 |
| Academic integrity at MIT, a handbook for students | Education | This handbook outlines important information you will need to know about correctly acknowledging your sources when you write a report, research paper, critical essay, or position paper. It provides guidelines for collaboration on assignments and writing code. The handbook also provides information about what constitutes violations of academic integrity and the consequences of committing such violations'"`UNIQ--ref-00000219-QINU`"'. '"`UNIQ--references-0000021A-QINU`"' | All stakeholders in research Students | https://integrity.mit.edu/sites/default/files/documents/AcademicIntegrityHandbook2018-color.pdf | |
| Academic integrity checklist | Education | This flyer contains a wealth of small pointers for writing a paper, conducting research and working with others. You’ll find advice to help you on your way, and handy hints'"`UNIQ--ref-00000218-QINU`"'. | All stakeholders in research Students | https://students.uu.nl/sites/default/files/uu-academicintegrity.pdf | |
| Academic medical centers and medical research: the challenges ahead | Education | This study presents different challenges in medical research, such as the need to manage public expectations for new discoveries and maintain the public trust as well as consider the gap between research costs and funding sources. The authors examined these and other challenges and offered recommendations to medical schools and teaching hospitals on dealing with them. | Researchers Students | https://iims.uthscsa.edu/sites/iims/files/MDT-Challenges-2-Other.pdf | |
| Academic research record-keeping: best practices for individuals, group leaders, and institutions | Education | This article informs on the best research record-keeping practices developed as an adjunct to a research project on research ethics. These practices provide separate standards for individual researchers, research group leaders and departments or institutions and are offered as ethical and practical guidelines for researchers. | Researchers | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3943904/ | |
| Accuracy of Credentials and Competence in Public Communications | Cases | Carrie Mediln is a researcher who took a teaching position without completing her doctorate. She is routinely addressed by students as "Doctor" and is often introduced as "Doctor" Medlin during academic events and public speaking opportunities. She never clarifies that she did not receive a PhD degree. The case study asks whether Medlin has a responsibility to clarify her credentials. | Researchers Early career researchers General public | https://www.asanet.org/teaching-learning/faculty/teaching-ethics-throughout-curriculum/case-30-accuracy-credentials-and-competence-public-communications | |
| Act on the Danish Council for Research and Innovation Policy | Guidelines | This law, that covers various aspects of research, innovation and integrity, establishes the framework for the Danish Research and Innovation Policy Council and the Danish Independent Research Foundation is are independent bodies that promote research. | Academic institutions Research institutions Research Integrity Officers Researchers Policy makers | https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2017/384 | |
| Acting with Research Integrity | Interactive | Learn about the different ways in which a researcher can act with (and without) integrity! | |||
| Administrators and Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) | Education | This is an online tutorial for administrative staff which contains modules in five instructional areas: conflict of interest, financial management, mentor-trainee responsibilities, collaborative research and data management. | Research administrators have an important role in promoting research integrity and bringing solutions to problems and conflicts. For accomplishing this work, administrators need to have a set of skills and knowledge which are presented in this module. | Administrators | https://ori.hhs.gov/education/products/rcradmin/index.html |
| Advisory Report of the Committee on Exploration of the Revision of the Dutch Code of Conduct | Guidelines | Although the Dutch Code of Ocnduct for Researchers has previously undergone minor revisions, there is a need for more substantial changes in view of recent developments in international codes. This document provides an analysis if the pre-existing guideline and suggests modifications. | All stakeholders in research | https://www.nwo.nl/sites/nwo/files/documents/Adviesrapport%20commissie%20verkenning%20herziening%20gedragscode%20wetenschapsbeo....pdf | |
| Age-Old Conflicts | Cases | This is a fictional case on conflict of interest in biomedical research, including questions for discussion. | This is a useful resource for organizing a case discussion on conflicts of interest. | Researchers PhD Students Research integrity trainers Industry | https://ori.hhs.gov/case-one-age-old-conflicts |
| Agriculture researcher up to 15 retractions for fake peer review | Cases | This is the factual case of an agriculture research scientist whose several papers were retracted following accusation of fake reviews. | Whilst some publishers allow or encourage suggestions for reviewers, one needs to be careful at how they go about this often controversial practice. Journals in general have a transparent policy and set of guidelines on peer-reviewing. Some publishing bodies offer comprehensive sections on peer-reviewing | Reserchers Journal editors Journal publishers | https://retractionwatch.com/2020/04/09/agriculture-researcher-up-to-15-retractions-for-fake-peer-review/ |
| Alliance of German Science Organisations' Principles for the Handling of Research Data | Guidelines | Besides the German National Research Foundation (DFG), other prominent research organizations such as the Alliance of German Science Organisations have also created codes and guidelines that deal with specific topics. This document addresses the importance of good data management practices and the principles therein. | Researchers Research institutions Research Integrity Officers All stakeholders in research | https://www.mpg.de/230783/principles_research_data_2010.pdf | |
| An author realized a paper had plagiarized his thesis. It took the journal four years to retract it. | Cases | This blog post describes a case where the bachelor's thesis of a Hungarian mathematics student is plagiarised and published in Scientific Reports — a Springer Nature title. | This case demonstrates that even famous journals might publish plagiarised material. It also shows that sometimes it might take years before a flawed article is retracted. | Researchers | https://retractionwatch.com/2020/04/20/an-author-realized-a-paper-had-plagiarized-his-thesis-it-took-the-journal-four-years-to-retract-it/ |
| An empirical research study of the efficacy of two plagiarism-detection applications | Education | This article describes a study of the two most popular plagiarism-detection software platforms - Turnitin and SafeAssign and reviews current literature focusing plagiarism-detection efficacy. The study results show that Turnitin had the highest success at plagiarism detection with an 82.4 percent detection rate. | Researchers | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19322900903051011 | |
| An innovation in teaching ethics to medical students | Education | This article presents a model of medical ethics teaching at undergraduate level. This model allows students to discuss ethical problems in small groups. | Researchers Undergraduate trainers | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02435.x | |
| An issue with insufficient data in the survey-resulting in a non-representative sample | Scenarios | This is the hypothetical scenario about the research process which was poorly planned. | Careful research planning helps to eliminate potential problems and increases the validity of the findings. | All stakeholders in research Bachelor students Doctoral students | https://zenodo.org/record/6105012 |
| An issue with insufficient data in the survey-resulting in a non-representative sample | Cases | Case describing poorly planned research study. | Doctoral students Bachelor students All stakeholders in research | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6105012 | |
| Analyzing Data From Studies Depicted on Video: An Activity for Statistics and Research Courses | Education | This article describes a student activity that consists of the video instructions and analysis and interpretation of realistic data. The activity allows students to apply their knowledge of statistics and research methodology to real situations without conducting actual research. | Students | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0098628312475035 | |
| Animal research: IACUC Inspection Virtual Walkthrough | Education | This is a free online course intended for inspectors from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) who conduct inspections of animal facilities for compliance with U.S. regulatory standards. The course is a field guide which presents animal facilities in a 360-degree panoramic image with some inspecting items and provides tips for inspecting them. | Researchers | https://ori.hhs.gov/education/products/IACUC/home.html | |
| Animal resources | Education | This online training aims to help researchers in their research with animals. It contains three web modules. First one offers virtual tours of animal facility inspections. Second one deals with ethics and use of animals in research. Finally, third one provides information on the PHS Policy on human care and use of lab animals. | All stakeholders in research | https://ori.hhs.gov/animal-resources | |
| Annual review of ethics (case studies) | Education | Research Ethics Cases are a tool for discussing scientific integrity. Cases are designed to confront the readers with a specific problem that does not lend itself to easy answers'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FD-QINU`"'. | By providing a focus for discussion, cases help staff involved in research to define or refine their own standards, to appreciate alternative approaches to identifying and resolving ethical problems, and to develop skills for dealing with hard problems on their own'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FE-QINU`"'. | All stakeholders in research | https://oir.nih.gov/sourcebook/ethical-conduct/responsible-conduct-research-training/annual-review-ethics-case-studies |
| Anonymity Declined | Cases | On wrting a second ethnographic work about a village, the researcher went against the wishes of the villagers by not using their real names but acted in accordance with the Principles of Professional Responsibility of the American Anthropological Association. She made exceptions where she judged that using a real name would please the person. | Researchers | https://www.americananthro.org/ParticipateAndAdvocate/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=1805 | |
| Anonymity Revisited | Cases | This fictional case is about an applied medical anthropologist who wrote a series of articles when she was working in an urban black community in the United States. She wrote her articles in an anonymous way so that individuals and/or the community would not be harmed. However, members of the community started a discussion because they were surprised that the name of the community health center and the name of the town were not given. | Anthropological conventions specify the use of pseudonyms in certain types of anthropological reporting, specifically if there is any chance that individuals or a community might be harmed. | Researchers Early career researchers Research subjects research integrity researchers | https://www.americananthro.org/LearnAndTeach/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=12923&RDtoken=16518&userID=5089&navItemNumber=731 |
| Anticipate and Communicate. Ethical Management of Incidental and Secondary Findings in the Clinical, Research, and Direct-to-Consumer Contexts | Guidelines | These guidelines aim to help researchers in biomedicine and health. They provide recommendations applicable to the ethical management of incidental findings in general and those relevant in specific situations. | Researchers | https://bioethicsarchive.georgetown.edu/pcsbi/sites/default/files/FINALAnticipateCommunicate_PCSBI_0.pdf | |
| Application of a sensemaking approach to ethics training in the physical sciences and engineering | Education | This study addresses one of the approaches in ethics training, focused on the development of ethical decision-making skills. It proposes a new curriculum with focus on day-to-day social and professional practices that have ethical implications for the physical sciences and engineering. The training resulted in researchers' increased ethical decision-making in relation to data management, study conduct, professional and business practices. | Researchers Trainers | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11948-007-9048-z | |
| Applying Research Findings to Enhance Pre-Practicum Ethics Training | Education | This study aimed to outline research findings from psychology and neuroscience that are important for moral decision making. It also considers how ethics educators can implement these findings in ethics courses. The research findings provide explanations regarding psychologists' ethical decision making. It also offers guidance on how educators can assist future psychologists cope with problems of ethical decision making. | trainers | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10508422.2017.1313705?journalCode=hebh20 | |
| Are these data real? Statistical methods for the detection of data fabrication in clinical trials | Education | In this study authors used statistical methods to compare data from two clinical trials - one with concerns of research misconduct and other with no such concerns. The results showed that data from the suspected clinical trial were fabricated. | researchers | https://www.bmj.com/content/331/7511/267 | |
| Artificial tracheas and severe research misconduct | Cases | This is a factual case. '"`UNIQ--references-00000165-QINU`"' | researchers research leaders All stakeholders in research | https://news.ki.se/the-macchiarini-case-timeline | |
| Assessing the educational literature in the responsible conduct of research for core content. | Education | This article provides a review of education materials in responsible conduct of research in biomedical and life sciences. Authors split their findings in several categories: data acquisition, management, sharing and ownership; mentor and trainee relationship; publication practices and responsible authorship; peer review; collaborative science; research on humans; research on laboratory animals; research misconduct; and conflict of interest. Authors hope this review will help raise awareness for responsible conduct of research among biomedical and life scientists. | Research integrity is increasingly considered a core instructional area. Proper education and training will contribute to the cultivation of responsible research culture while corresponding to the ethical, financial and legal requirements related to acceptance of funding. | PhD students Early career researchers | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08989620500217420 |
| Attempting to Assure Accuracy | Cases | Professor Dale Goodman is asked by a non-academic journal to review a book about prostitution, which lies within the scope of expertise, even if the book is not academic. He tries to write an honest assessment of the book's merits and submits it to the journal, which changes the review's title upon publication without informing Goodman. The researcher believes that the new title, "Prison Babes" is harmful and misrepresents the book, the review and the discussed phenomenon. The case asks about the appropriate course of action in such situations. | Journal publishers Publishers Researchers Reviewers | https://www.asanet.org/teaching-learning/faculty/teaching-ethics-throughout-curriculum/case-31-attempting-assure-accuracy | |
| Australian Codes for the Responsible Conduct of Research | Guidelines | The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia has various codes and policies on responsible research. The page contains an overview of the following codes and guidelines:
| The Australian research community can benefit from the guidelines from the NHMRC. | Researchers Academic staff All stakeholders in research | https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/research-policy/research-integrity |
| Australian Guide to Managing and Investigating Potential Breaches of the Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research | Guidelines | This guideline specifies the official procedures of investigating research misconduct (RM) in Australia. RM breaches, as defined in the guideline, occur on a spectrum, with RM being serious or repeated breaches of the Australian Code. | Having official procedures in place for investigating RM can ensure the processes are held in a fair and transparent manner. | Researchers Research Integrity Officers | https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/reports/guide-managing-investigating-potential-breaches.pdf#targetText=Research%20Integrity%20Advisor%20(RIA)%20Person,potential%20breaches%20of%20the%20Code |
| Australian Research Council Research Integrity Policy | Guidelines | The policy outlines requirements for institutions, and individuals engaged in Australian Research Council (ARC) business, to report to the ARC research integrity matters, and the action the ARC may take in response to reported breaches of the Code. It also describes how the ARC can refer concerns or complaints to research institutions, who, in accordance with the Code, are responsible for managing and investigating potential breaches of the Code. | The purpose of this policy is to promote and support research integrity and safeguard confidence in the value of publicly funded research by: - making transparent the ARC’s role in ensuring research integrity and addressing breaches of the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research (2018) (the Code); - establishing a framework to support the integrity of the ARC’s grant application, peer review, grant selection and research evaluation processes, funding decisions and research; and - raising awareness of the importance of research integrity and the possible consequences for research institutions and individuals if appropriate standards are not maintained. | All stakeholders in research | https://www.arc.gov.au/policies-strategies/strategy/arc-research-integrity-and-research-misconduct-policy |
| Austrian Agency for Research Integrity Guidelines for Good Scientific Practice | Guidelines | The Austrian Agency for Research Integrity (Osterreichische Agentur fur Wissenschaftliche Integritat - OeAWI) works to raise awareness of the standards of good scientific practice among scientists and researchers as well as the general public. It also contributes to ensuring that violations of the standards of good scientific practice are identified and remedied. The organisation works to strengthen the ethos of science and research, and advocates adherence to the code of conduct derived from that ethos. Its activities focus on investigating and preventing misconduct in research and scholarship, not on imposing sanctions for misconduct. Given that violations of the standards of good scientific practice are not necessarily also violations of applicable law, the OeAWI performs its duties as a complement to – but not in competition with – the legal system. Legislation relevant to science and research, the principles of research ethics and the standards of good scientific practice all contribute equally to ensuring a high degree of integrity in research and scholarship. | The quality of research is a precious asset for every society. Social progress, economic value creation, social living conditions and fairness between generations in shaping the future would all be unimaginable without reliable scientific and scholarly knowledge. Ensuring the quality of that knowledge is the duty of scientists and researchers themselves. Because scientific research can be highly specialised and complex, and because there are various links between science and research, politics, the business world and other actors in society, self-governance in science and research can only be effective if it is codified and institutionalised. As an organisation established by Austria‘s research institutions themselves, the OeAWI makes an important contribution to effective self-governance in the Austrian science and research system. | researchers | https://oeawi.at/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/OeAWI_Broschüre_Web_2019.pdf |
| Author Misconduct: Not Just the Editors' Responsibility | Cases | This case described how the limited space in journals is not aligned with the increase in submissions. Due to publication pressure authors sometimes cut corners, which can lead to cases of misconduct.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000018D-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--references-0000018E-QINU`"' | This paper aims to explore common types of publication misconduct in the editorial office in a specific journal, and considers several implications | Researchers PhD students | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.02027.x |
| Author accused of stealing research and publishing under their name | Cases | We received a letter from a third party, accusing author A of putting his/her name against an article, published in our journal, when the research itself belongs to author A's student. Our journal is a fully English language publication and the accusing third party and author A are from a non-English speaking country, as is the student (assumedly). The accusing third party forwarded the student's research paper to the editor which is entirely written in another language but contained an English abstract. The Editor contacted author A and the response received included an attached confirmation letter supposedly from his/her student stating that they had no involvement in the published work by author A and that their research is completely separate to the published paper by author A. We have several concerns: 1. It is difficult for the editor to examine the abstract the third party sent to us against the published article by author A. 2. We do not know if the response letter emailed from author A, confirming no involvement in author A's paper, is genuinely from the student. 3. The accuser's identity or relation to the matter is unknown to us. Ideally the editor needs to contact the student directly but we need bona fide contact details of the student and we are not sure we would get it from the accuser or the accused author A. Google is also of little help as there are so many people with the name. | Journal editors Journal publishers | https://publicationethics.org/case/author-accused-stealing-research-and-publishing-under-their-name | |
| Author misconduct: Not just the editors' responsibility | Cases | Researchers everywhere are under increasing pressure to publish in high quality journals. The amount of space available in a journal such as Medical Education has not kept pace with the rise in submissions. Against a background of fierce competition, authors sometimes cut corners. This may lead to misconduct. This paper aims to explore the most common types of publication misconduct seen in the Medical Education editorial office, and to consider the reasons for this and the implications for researchers in the field. | Academic institutions Journal publishers Peer-reviewers Authors | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.02027.x | |
| Authors couldn’t find a patient to give consent for case report. Then the patient found the report. | Cases | This short text informs about a case of a 35-year-old woman with a mysterious mass that took 11 years to be diagnosed. Since the authors could not reach the patient to obtain her consent for publication, they removed any identifiable information and published the paper anyway. The patient eventually read the paper, recognized herself and asked for retraction. | Researchers Journal editors | https://retractionwatch.com/2017/02/27/authors-couldnt-find-patient-give-consent-case-report-patient-found-report/ | |
| Authorship Deserved, Not Earned: Research Ethics and Research Integrity Scenario | Scenarios | Although ICMJE clearly defines the role of authors through its sets of recommendations, authorship criteria are not always strictly followed. The recommendations get blurry and faded based on convenience, interpersonal conflicts, or become subjected to manipulation. Such is the case described in this scenario, where a young researcher has a dispute with his superior about a rightful co-authorship. A publication would propel his career, but it appears there is no room for discussion. | This scenario warrants serious consideration on employed practices regarding ghost authorship. Several consequences might arise from this malpractice. Early-career scientists are deterred from gaining research visibility and acquiring writing skills. In the long run, it generates a vicious circle of bringing up new generation academics that might repeat the same mistakes if they were to become group leaders. Aside from long-term consequences on the health of academia, another problem arises – the lack of adequate bodies, in certain settings, that could help address and resolve the given problem. Institutions that haven't done so already, should widely act upon continuous education about good research practice on all levels, as well as implementing research integrity offices. | Academic institutions Authors Students Research Ethics Committees Research integrity trainers | https://zenodo.org/record/6200379#.YhNn0ZYo-3A |
| Authorship and Intellectual Property | Cases | A researcher is left feeling resentful after not having been made an author on a research paper even though the researcher provided the underlying idea for the project. | Researchers | https://bioethicsresearch.org/resources/case-studies/authorship-and-intellectual-property/ | |
| Authorship and publication | Education | This handout provides a broad conceptual subway map of the world of publication, to support the Authorship and Publication training provided by QUT Library and Office of Research Ethics and Integrity'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FB-QINU`"'. The map provides a framework to help explain and discuss the complex world of academic publication. '"`UNIQ--references-000001FC-QINU`"' | PhD Students Supervisors Early career researchers Graduate students Professors Research integrity trainers | https://figshare.com/articles/Authorship_and_Publication/5801682 | |
| Authorship in a Multi-Center Clinical Trial: the HF-ACTION Experience | Education | This article describes how the HF-ACTION investigators devised a system to address assignment of authorship on trial publications. The HF-ACTION Authorship and Publication (HAP) Scoring System was designed to increase dissemination, recognize investigator contributions to the trial and apply individual expertise in manuscript production. | Researchers | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4444064/ | |
| Authorship in scholarly manuscripts: practical considerations for resident and early career physicians | Education | This article addresses different issues regarding authorship in scholarly manuscripts. The authors suggest that residents and early career physicians need to be educated about authorship rules and problems as well as equitable resolutions. They also invite for considering alternative ways to credit authorship. | Researchers | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19349451/ | |
| Authorship: video | Education | This video is about determing authorship. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of working alone or in a team. Advices are giving about working in a team. | All stakeholders in research | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMUFWuWHUt0 | |
| Author’s Permission Guidelines | Guidelines | These guidelines are intended for researchers or publishers with aim of helping them identify what they need to request permission to reproduce material created by others, including images and text quotations. | Researchers Publishers | https://press.uchicago.edu/resource/permissions.html | |
| Automatic plagiarism detection with PAIRwise 2.0. | Education | This study examined a plagiarism detection system PAIRwise for instructors, researchers and students. It showed that PAIRwise can detect verbatim plagiarism efficiently. | researchers trainers students | https://www.learntechlib.org/p/33261/ | |
| Avoiding Plagiarism, Self-plagiarism, and Other Questionable Writing Practices: A Guide to Ethical Writing | Education | This tool is intended for students and researchers to identify and prevent questionable research practices. It deals particularly with plagiarism and self plagiarism. | Researchers Students | https://ori.hhs.gov/avoiding-plagiarism-self-plagiarism-and-other-questionable-writing-practices-guide-ethical-writing |
