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Seven Ways to Plagiarise: The Duplicate Publication + (This case is another reminder of the many … This case is another reminder of the many different formats plagiarism can take. It also demonstrates that not every single case that appears to be plagiarism is actually a research misconduct practice. The case explores the fine lines among practices such as ‘quoting oneself’, ‘duplicate submission/publication’, ‘plagiarism’, ‘deviation from accepted practices’, ‘reprints’, and when such practices are acceptable or not.when such practices are acceptable or not.)
A case on using AI systems as personal and family virtual assistants + (This case is important because AI assistan … This case is important because AI assistants increasingly influence how individuals and families organize daily life, communicate, and make decisions. While these systems offer convenience and support in planning activities and managing information, they also require handling sensitive personal and family data. The shared family context raises additional concerns about privacy, boundaries, and data protection. Responsible design and use of such assistants are essential to maintain trust, personal autonomy, and healthy family interactions.autonomy, and healthy family interactions.)
Case study: AI systems as personal companions assisting senior citizens + (This case is important because AI companio … This case is important because AI companion systems can help older adults maintain independence, reduce loneliness, and support daily health management. By providing reminders, monitoring safety, and offering conversational interaction, these systems can improve well-being for seniors living alone. However, they also raise ethical concerns related to privacy, emotional dependency, and autonomy. Ensuring responsible use is essential so that AI companions support elderly care without replacing meaningful human relationships. replacing meaningful human relationships.)
A case on workplaces equipped with AI tools for behavioral analysis + (This case is important because AI-based wo … This case is important because AI-based workplace monitoring can significantly improve productivity, safety, and operational efficiency. By identifying unsafe behaviors, detecting fatigue, and analyzing work processes, organizations can reduce accidents and improve performance. However, constant surveillance raises concerns about worker privacy, fairness, and autonomy. Ensuring that such technologies are used transparently and responsibly is essential to protect employees’ rights while benefiting from AI-driven workplace improvements.ing from AI-driven workplace improvements.)
A case on recruiters using AI tools in hiring processes + (This case is important because AI-driven h … This case is important because AI-driven hiring systems can significantly influence who gets job opportunities. If these systems contain biased data or unfair decision rules, they may reproduce discrimination related to gender, ethnicity, or background. Auditing and monitoring AI recruitment tools helps ensure equal opportunities, fairness, and legal compliance. By identifying hidden biases and improving transparency, organizations can use AI responsibly while maintaining trust in recruitment processes.aintaining trust in recruitment processes.)
A case on using of AI systems for smart elderly care in Wuxi + (This case is important because aging popul … This case is important because aging populations create increasing demand for innovative elderly care solutions. AI-powered care robots can support seniors’ independence, improve health monitoring, and reduce loneliness through companionship and communication. At the same time, these technologies raise important questions about privacy, human dignity, and reliance on machines for emotional support. Responsible implementation is necessary to ensure that AI enhances elderly care while protecting the rights and well-being of older adults.the rights and well-being of older adults.)
A case on deepfake AI-based psychotherapy for processing trauma and grief + (This case is important because deepfake th … This case is important because deepfake therapy introduces a new form of AI-mediated psychological treatment that could help patients process trauma or grief when traditional therapy methods are insufficient. However, the technology also raises complex ethical questions about emotional manipulation, privacy, and the boundary between reality and simulation. Ensuring careful clinical supervision, informed consent, and strong safeguards is essential to protect patients and maintain trust in emerging AI-based mental health interventions.ging AI-based mental health interventions.)
Case study: Generative Ghosts and the Grieving Process + (This case is important because griefbots m … This case is important because griefbots may significantly change how people experience grief and maintain connections with deceased loved ones. While such systems may offer emotional comfort, they also raise ethical concerns about identity, consent, and psychological well-being. Questions arise about whether the digital simulation represents the person and how interacting with it might affect the grieving process. Responsible discussion and safeguards are needed before these technologies become widely available.hese technologies become widely available.)
A case on security professionals using AI tools to detect hate speech + (This case is important because online hate … This case is important because online hate speech can promote discrimination, violence, and harm toward vulnerable or minority communities. AI tools help law enforcement monitor large volumes of online content more efficiently and identify potentially harmful messages in real time. However, their use raises important concerns about bias, privacy, and accountability. Ensuring that AI systems are used responsibly and that human judgment remains central is essential for protecting both public safety and fundamental rights.both public safety and fundamental rights.)
A case study on safety engineers using AI tools to speed up software release approvals + (This case is important because safety anal … This case is important because safety analyses determine whether vehicles with autonomous and assisted driving systems are safe for road users. As automotive companies release frequent software updates through CI/CD pipelines, there is increasing pressure to speed up approval processes. AI-assisted tools can reduce analysis time and support engineers in identifying hazards. However, they also raise concerns about overreliance on automation, potential complacency among safety engineers, and the risk of unsafe software releases if human oversight is reduced.re releases if human oversight is reduced.)
A Letter of Resignation + (This case is one of several examples - presented in this blog site - on how sexual misconduct can violate the ECCRI's principles and good practices in work spaces of academia.)
Duty to Report Ethical Violations of Others + (This case raises the question of when does … This case raises the question of when does one act with integrity in research? And where does one’s responsibility lie when it comes to research violations performed by others? It is also a firm reminder of the different power dynamics and positions held in an institution when it comes to reporting misconduct or, as in this case, whistleblowing.nduct or, as in this case, whistleblowing.)
Philosopher Earns 14th Retraction for Plagiarism + (This case shows an example of how the research organisations could address research misconduct cases and how journals address these cases.)
Case Study: Beginning a Collaboration + (This case study can help researchers identify practical issues and challenges they might come across in collaborations.)
Code of Conduct for the Human-Centered and Ethical Development of Immersive Technologies + (This code is important because XR technolo … This code is important because XR technologies can strongly affect people’s behavior, privacy, safety, and social inclusion. A shared code of conduct helps developers make better decisions throughout the technology lifecycle and encourages responsible innovation. It also supports trust among users, policymakers, researchers, and industry by promoting ethical standards, accountability, and protection of human rights. In this way, it helps ensure that XR technologies are developed not only to be innovative, but also fair, safe, and beneficial for society.so fair, safe, and beneficial for society.)
European Geosciences Union (EGU) Code of Conduct + (This code of conduct aims to promote ethical integrity and an inclusive, constructive and positive approach to science by outlining the expected and required behaviour of members and participants of EGU activities.)
European Nuclear Society (ENS) Ethical Charter + (This code of conduct details the core ethical standards that apply to professionals from industry, the academic world, research centres and authorities in the field of nuclear science.)
European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR) Code of Conduct + (This code of conduct explicitly defines appropriate conduct for members and affiliates of the ECPR.)
European Astronomical Society (EAS) Ethics Statement and Guidelines for Good Practice + (This code of conduct lays out ethical standards for the behaviour of those affiliated with the EAS, and astronomers in Europe more generally.)
Federation of European Pharmacological Societies (EPHAR) Ethical Code of Conduct + (This code of conduct lays out general principles that those pariticipating in EPHAR activities must abide by.)
European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Code of Ethics + (This code of conduct lays out the ways in which those affiliated with the EAACI should behave in order to support the broader goals of the society.)
European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) Code of Practice + (This code of conduct outlines standards of conduct for members of the EAA to follow in fulfilling their responsibilities, both to the community and to their professional colleagues.)
European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) Principles of Conduct for Archaeologists involved in Contract Archaeological Work + (This code of conduct outlines standards of conduct for archaeologists involved in contract work in Europe.)
European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) Code of Practice for Fieldwork Training + (This code of conduct outlines standards of conduct for fieldwork training for archaeologists in Europe.)
European Mathematical Society (EMS) Code of Practice + (This code of conduct outlines the reposnsibilities of mathematicians, as well as all who are concerned with the publication, dissemination, and assessment of mathematical research in Europe.)

Case Studies For Small Group Discussion + (This collection of cases is useful for organizing group discussions.)

List of online available training options for members of research integrity offices (RIOs) + (This compilation is important because it p … This compilation is important because it provides RIOs with reliable, accessible, and practical tools to strengthen their capacity to support integrity across the research process. High-quality training helps research integrity officers make informed decisions, handle allegations consistently, and advise researchers effectively. With growing expectations for transparency, accountability, and responsible research conduct, institutions need well-trained integrity professionals who can manage complex cases and promote a culture of good practice. By gathering diverse, vetted training options in one place, the document reduces institutional barriers, promotes harmonisation across Europe, and supports the development of robust research integrity systems.ment of robust research integrity systems.)
List of online available training options for members of research ethics committees (RECs) + (This compilation is important because it s … This compilation is important because it strengthens the '''competence, consistency, and professionalism''' of Research Ethics Committees (RECs). High-quality ethical review is essential to protect research participants, ensure scientific integrity, and uphold public trust. By providing accessible and structured online training options, the document helps both new and experienced REC members build knowledge on ethical principles, regulations, and practical decision-making. It also supports harmonisation across institutions and countries, reducing variability in ethics review processes. Ultimately, these resources enable RECs to make better-informed evaluations, address emerging ethical challenges, and contribute to responsible, transparent, and ethically sound research practices.t, and ethically sound research practices.)
UNDERSTANDING AND ACTING FOR A HEALTHY PLASTIC FREE MEDITERRANEAN SEA, e-learning + (This course is important for a range of st … This course is important for a range of stakeholders: environmental researchers and marine scientists who study pollution and ecosystems;professionals and policymakers in maritime sectors like fisheries, shipping, tourism, aquaculture;NGOs or civil-society actors concerned with ocean conservation;educators and citizen-science advocates seeking to raise awareness about plastic pollution;and anyone involved in blue-economy development, circular economy, or sustainable marine resource management especially in Mediterranean countries.nt especially in Mediterranean countries.)
Declaration of Geneva + (This declaration serves as an adaptation o … This declaration serves as an adaptation of the Hippocratic Oath to modern medicine. The declaration is a core document for medical ethics and, in many countries, it is even part of the medical profession code. The Biomedical Alliance in Europe and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology endorse the Declaration of Geneva in their codes of conduct and ethics, respectively.codes of conduct and ethics, respectively.)
Enhancing EU law on climate engineering, neurotechnologies, and digital extended reality (policy brief) + (This deliverable is important because it t … This deliverable is important because it translates legal analysis into practical policy recommendations that help the EU prepare for and govern emerging technologies with significant societal, ethical, and environmental implications. By identifying gaps in current law and proposing enhancements, the briefs support policymakers in crafting more robust, rights-protecting regulations that can better address issues like privacy, autonomy, sustainability, safety, and democratic values. This proactive approach to legal framework development helps prevent harm, promote innovation responsibly, and ensure that new technologies are deployed in ways that uphold fundamental rights and EU ethical standards.ndamental rights and EU ethical standards.)
Good-Practice Guide for Scientific-Academic Publishing (CSIC, Spain) + (This document contains principles relating … This document contains principles relating to both authorship and editorial reviews. Besides explaining the underlying principles such as impartiality, confidentiality and honesty, it also provides practical guidance on how to conduct reviews, communicating acceptance and rejection, paper retractions and withdrawals, etc. It also sets down principles for acknowledging authors and contributors.or acknowledging authors and contributors.)
Italian National Research Center Guidelines for Integrity in Research + (This document describes the research integrity framework for National Research Center institutes.)
Working with Research Integrity - Guidance for Research Performing Organisations: The Bonn PRINTEGER Statement + (This document emphasises that responsibili … This document emphasises that responsibility for ethical research lies with everyone who is active in research, but especially with leaders in research performing organisations. Researchers’ morals alone cannot ensure research integrity;good conditions for exercising integrity must also be created at the level of the organisation and the research system. the organisation and the research system.)
The Swiss National Science Foundation and National Research Council's Regulations on scientific misconduct + (This document gives a concise overview of … This document gives a concise overview of what constitutes scientific misconduct with regard to grant applications, the prerequisites for misconduct proceedings, and the proceedings themselves. It elaborates on the duties of the research institution in case misconduct proceedings need to be initiated, and specifies when the SNCF will step in. and specifies when the SNCF will step in.)
UKRIO's Good practice in internet-mediated research + (This document highlights some of the key e … This document highlights some of the key ethical and regulatory issues in internet research, such as personal data protection, maintaining confidentiality and what constitutes informed consent. While it does not aim to be prescriptive, it intend to encourage further debate and exploration of these challenging areas.nd exploration of these challenging areas.)
The German Council of Science and Humanities ' Recommendations on Academic Integrity + (This document identifies makes recommendations concerning the following areas: enabling academic integrity, publication process, dealing with disputes, evaluations and assessment and responsibilities of various stakeholders.)
A Data Governance Framework for Ethnography + (This document is a guide for regulatory co … This document is a guide for regulatory compliance in ethnography. Ethnography is a pillar of social-scientific research, and it is important to provide stakeholders with guidelines on how ethnographic research complies with current regulations. As a result, this document can help stakeholders to create their own data regulation plans and instruct them on the ethical compliance of ethnographic research.hical compliance of ethnographic research.)
Irish National Forum on Research Integrity's Position Paper on Research Integrity Officer Role & Reporting + (This document is important for RIOs and research institutions, as it describes the extent and limits of the RIO's responsibilities.)
Code of Good Scientific Practices of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIS) + (This document lays down prerequisites that … This document lays down prerequisites that need to be upheld by all researchers and research institutions that are supported by the CSIC. It is divided into 4 domains: principles of research, the researcher as a science professional, publications and communication and institutional framework. The legal bases for these good conduct practices are included in the Annex.nduct practices are included in the Annex.)
DIAMOND OPEN ACCESS RECOMMENDATIONS AND GUIDELINES FOR INSTITUTIONS, FUNDERS, SPONSORS, DONORS, AND POLICYMAKERS + (This document matters because it helps tra … This document matters because it helps translate high-level open-science principles into practical, actionable guidance that three major stakeholder groups (institutions, funders, policymakers) can use to nurture and sustain an equitable open-access ecosystem. Diamond OA differs from traditional models by avoiding paywalls and fees, making research more accessible globally. However, it faces challenges in funding, infrastructure, and recognition. These recommendations support coordinated efforts to overcome such barriers, encouraging inclusive and transparent scholarly communication that benefits researchers, academic communities, and the public alike. By offering tailored guidelines, the report fosters collaboration, sustainability, and policy alignment across Europe and beyond.policy alignment across Europe and beyond.)
The Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research Consultation paper – Research Ethics in Norway + (This document proposes changes in seven ar … This document proposes changes in seven areas of the Research Ethics Act:- Statutory stipulation of the research ethics responsibility of research institutions -Changes to the system for processing research ethics cases - Institutions' reasoned opinions in research ethics cases - Changes in the Commission's composition and mandate - A clarification of the Research Ethics Act's definition of scientific misconduct - Deferred public access during the processing of ethical issues at an institution - The institutions' prerogative to preserve the anonymity of the reporter to preserve the anonymity of the reporter)
The French CNRS Ethics Committee's Guide to Integrity and Responsibility in Research Practices + (This document, in addition to making refer … This document, in addition to making references to laws and principles, includes sections on most practical issues encountered in research such as research planning and management, data generation and protection, work relations, supervision of students, contracts, intellectual property and preventing misconduct. As such, it is a valuable handbook to all those practicing research in France.o all those practicing research in France.)
Scandalous behaviour at Medical University of Innsbruck + (This editorial highlights that the lack of an official national body responsible for addressing issues of scientific misconduct contributes to an inefficient and disorganised workflow in dealing with cases of misconduct.)
Five cases considered and concluded by the UK's General Medical Council + (This editorial provides information about possible consequences of research misconduct in various medical disciplines in the UK.)
An Ethical framework for the development and use of AI and robotics technologies + (This ethical framework matters because AI … This ethical framework matters because AI and robotics are increasingly integrated into critical decisions in society yet they pose complex ethical challenges related to fairness, accountability, transparency, and human dignity. By offering practical, structured approaches to embed ethics into design and governance, the report helps avoid harm before it occurs, encourages responsible innovation, and supports the adoption of technologies in ways that align with societal values. It is also valuable for standardization and policy harmonization at national and EU levels, contributing to coherent regulation and governance systems. In addition, it strengthens education and training for practitioners and stakeholders, equipping them with the tools to recognize and address ethical dilemmas throughout the lifecycle of AI and robotics systems. the lifecycle of AI and robotics systems.)
Seven Ways to Plagiarise: The Magazine Surprise + (This factual anonymised case shows that pl … This factual anonymised case shows that plagiarism can come in more than one formats. The case adds to the real-world examples of plagiarism scenarios that research integrity officers may encounter.Examples are useful for recognizing, highlight, and avoiding plagiary.gnizing, highlight, and avoiding plagiary.)
Copy and paste: A slow university investigation into serious accusations of misconduct benefits no one + (This factual case demonstrates that there … This factual case demonstrates that there may be a significant time lapse between the noticing and reporting of a case of plagiarism (or indeed, other research ethics violation) to the appropriate resolution of such cases.The article discusses solutions on shortening the investigation time for allegations in Universities as well as ways to encourage universities sticking to their own misconduct enquiry timelines and policies.misconduct enquiry timelines and policies.)
Dutch psychology fraudster avoids trial + (This factual case shows the magnitude of the penalties that can be issued on some confirmed cases of research ethics violations .)
Disclosing Research Findings + (This fictional case is a firm reminder of … This fictional case is a firm reminder of the plurality of types of conflicts of interest one can come across in their research life. The case is presented alongside questions that provide a starting point for reflection on the dilemmas faced by researchers in relation to their contractual responsibilities as well as moral obligations when working in a team. moral obligations when working in a team.)
Inspiring and Anchoring Trust in Science, Research and Innovation (Policy Brief), 2022 + (This first set of policy briefs is importa … This first set of policy briefs is important because it operationalizes the concept of trust in science by turning abstract ideals like transparency, accountability, and responsiveness into concrete, evidence-informed policy guidance. Through co-creation and stakeholder engagement, the briefs help ensure that science policy is more attuned to societal values and concerns, not just expert agendas. Such alignment is crucial to counter growing skepticism and distrust toward scientific institutions. Furthermore, the recommendations provided can guide decision-makers, funders, and institutions in embedding trust-enhancing practices into research governance. In doing so, the briefs help lay the groundwork for more legitimate, resilient, and socially robust science policy in the future.ially robust science policy in the future.)