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CHANGER Policy Brief_Challenges and recommendations for research security: Learning from research ethics and integrity + ('"`UNIQ--section-00000022-QINU`"')

Becoming an Ethical Researcher + ('''Becoming an Ethical Researcher''' is a badged open course run by the Open University on its OpenLearn platform. This runs for 11 months of the year and was launched on 1 October 2020. It is designed to take 6 weeks of study for 2 hours per week.)
People Studying People: Research Ethics in Society + ('''People Studying People: Research Ethics … '''People Studying People: Research Ethics in Society''' is an open and free online course which explores the value of ethical thinking for research. It is run by the University of Leicester and FutureLearn and is runs four times a year (Dec, Mar, Jun and Sep). It is designed to take 3 weeks of study for 2 hours per week.</br></br><br />eks of study for 2 hours per week. <br />)
Superb Supervision: integrity training for supervisors + ('''Superb Supervision''' is an initiative … '''Superb Supervision''' is an initiative from Amsterdam UMC. The course consists of a three- day long training from 9 to 5 in which researchers are taught skills to become better supervisors and to supervise responsible research. The course is designed for either junior- or senior-researchers that (will) have a role as a supervisor. The main objectives of the course are raising awareness, training skills to enable responsible practice, and providing guidance to practice research with integrity. The exact program and registration can be found [https://www.vumc.nl/educatie/onze-opleidingen/opleidingsdetail/superb-supervision-junior-mentoring-your-phd-candidate-towards-responsible-conduct-of-research.htm here] (junior) and [https://www.vumc.nl/educatie/onze-opleidingen/opleidingsdetail/superb-supervision-senior-a-course-for-senior-phd-supervisors.htm here] (senior).senior-phd-supervisors.htm here] (senior).)
WIFO AI Guidelines on the Proper Use of Generative Models of Artificial Intelligence + (''<span lang="EN-US">WIFO's AI Guide … ''<span lang="EN-US">WIFO's AI Guidelines provide a comprehensive framework for the ethical and effective use of generative AI in research and administrative support. The guidelines stress the importance of continuous education, transparency, and scientific integrity, forbidding AI in personnel assessments and involving employees in AI governance. Key components include robust technical infrastructure, an AI working group, and internal communication channels. The guidelines highlight personal accountability, human oversight, and strict data protection, ensuring compliance with European laws and fostering responsible AI integration.</span>''d fostering responsible AI integration.</span>'')
Enhancing EU law on climate engineering, neurotechnologies, and digital extended reality (policy brief) + (''A Policy Briefs on Enhancing EU Legal Fr … ''A Policy Briefs on Enhancing EU Legal Frameworks'' document is a set of four policy briefs produced by the EU-funded TechEthos project. It provides recommendations to EU policymakers on how to strengthen and adapt existing legal and regulatory frameworks to govern emerging high-impact technologies such as climate engineering (including Carbon Dioxide Removal and Solar Radiation Modification), neurotechnologies, and digital extended reality (XR). The briefs were developed through in-depth legal and policy analysis and consultation with EU officials, and they identify regulatory gaps or uncertainties in current EU law. Each brief offers targeted suggestions such as clarifying terminology, protecting fundamental rights, integrating ethical principles like “ethics-by-design,” and ensuring appropriate oversight and enforcement tailored to the unique societal and ethical challenges of these technologies. The aim is to ensure that future legal frameworks are more effective, rights-based, and aligned with EU values when governing cutting-edge innovation.es when governing cutting-edge innovation.)
Statement: Code of Conduct for Scientists, Revised Version (2013), nan + (''Code of Conduct for Scientists – Revised … ''Code of Conduct for Scientists – Revised Version'' (2013) is Japan’s national framework on research integrity, published in Japanese, and designed to guide researchers, institutions, funders, and journals. It formalises principles such as honesty, accountability, professional courtesy, and stewardship of resources, linking them to reproducibility, credibility, and public trust in science. The Code specifies good practice in planning, conducting, publishing, and reviewing research, covering authorship, citation, conflicts of interest, data transparency, supervision, and peer review. It outlines procedures for handling misconduct, ensuring due process, proportional sanctions, and opportunities for learning. Education is central, with training for students and staff to embed integrity as a core professional skill. The Code also addresses emerging issues like data management, open science, and digital dissemination, offering tools such as checklists and templates to support daily practice. By aligning with international standards, it connects Japanese policy to global norms, reinforcing collaboration, inclusivity, and trust.ing collaboration, inclusivity, and trust.)
FAPESP's Open Access Policy (2019), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) + (''FAPESP’s Open Access Policy'' (2019), pu … ''FAPESP’s Open Access Policy'' (2019), published by the São Paulo Research Foundation, sets national expectations for open science and open access in Brazil, aligning them with international standards. Written in English, it frames openness as the default while respecting ethics, privacy, intellectual property, and security, following the principle of being “as open as possible, as closed as necessary.” The policy emphasizes open access publishing through trusted repositories, Creative Commons licensing, persistent identifiers, and FAIR data principles supported by data management plans. It defines responsibilities for researchers, institutions, and funders, including rights retention, funding acknowledgment, and transparent rules for embargoes or exceptions. Infrastructure such as repositories, registries, and discovery services underpins compliance and visibility, linking Brazilian practices with initiatives like Plan S and national repository networks. Equity, responsible openness, and multilingual access are central, ensuring affordability and inclusion while safeguarding sensitive or Indigenous data. Serving as both a benchmark and practical checklist, the policy offers actionable steps to strengthen transparency, reproducibility, and equitable research access in Brazil., and equitable research access in Brazil.)
FRQ Open Access Dissemination Policy (2022), Fonds de recherche du Québec (FRQ) + (''FRQ Open Access Dissemination Policy'' ( … ''FRQ Open Access Dissemination Policy'' (2022), published by Fonds de recherche du Québec (FRQ), sets national expectations for open science and open access in Canada, aligning them with international standards. Written in French and English, it establishes openness as the default while balancing ethics, privacy, intellectual property, and security, guided by the principle “as open as possible, as closed as necessary.” The policy emphasizes open access publishing through repositories, Creative Commons licensing, persistent identifiers, and FAIR data principles supported by data management plans. It outlines responsibilities for researchers, institutions, and funders, including rights retention, funding acknowledgment, and transparency for embargoes or exceptions. Infrastructure such as repositories, discovery services, and registries underpins compliance and visibility, while alignment with initiatives like Plan S and national networks ensures interoperability. Equity, multilingual communication, and responsible openness are cross-cutting themes, with safeguards for sensitive and Indigenous data. Serving as a benchmark and checklist, the policy offers actionable steps to enhance transparency, reproducibility, and equitable access to research across Canada.quitable access to research across Canada.)
First steps towards Open Science in Albania (), Hasani, S., Stefanova, E., Georgiev, A., & Stefanov, K. + (''First Steps towards Open Science in Alba … ''First Steps towards Open Science in Albania'', produced by Hasani, S., Stefanova, E., Georgiev, A., and Stefanov, K., sets national expectations for open science and open access in Albania, aligning them with international standards. Written in English, it frames openness as the default while balancing ethics, privacy, intellectual property, and security, following the principle “as open as possible, as closed as necessary.” The resource emphasizes open access publishing through trusted repositories, Creative Commons licensing, persistent identifiers, and FAIR data principles supported by data management plans. Responsibilities for researchers, institutions, and funders are clearly defined, including rights retention, funding acknowledgment, and transparent rules for embargoes or exceptions. Infrastructure such as repositories, registries, and discovery systems supports compliance and visibility, while alignment with initiatives like Plan S and the European Open Science Cloud ensures interoperability. Equity, inclusion, and responsible openness are central, with safeguards for sensitive or Indigenous data and multilingual communication. Serving as both a benchmark and practical checklist, it offers actionable guidance to improve transparency, reproducibility, and equitable access, helping Albanian researchers and institutions comply with open research norms.titutions comply with open research norms.)
Ley 26.899, Repositorios digitales institucionales de acceso abierto. (2013), Argentine National Congress + (''Ley 26.899, Repositorios digitales insti … ''Ley 26.899, Repositorios digitales institucionales de acceso abierto'' (2013), enacted by the Argentine National Congress, establishes national expectations for open science and open access in Argentina. Written in Spanish, it frames openness as the default while respecting ethics, privacy, intellectual property, and security, guided by the principle “as open as possible, as closed as necessary.” The law emphasizes open access to publications through trusted institutional repositories, preferred licensing such as Creative Commons, persistent identifiers, and FAIR data principles supported by data management plans. Responsibilities for researchers, institutions, and funders are clearly defined, including rights retention, acknowledgment of funding, and transparent management of embargoes or exceptions. Supporting infrastructure repositories, registries, discovery services, and research information systems—ensures compliance and visibility, aligning Argentine practices with international initiatives like Plan S and the European Open Science Cloud. Equity, inclusion, and responsible openness are central, with safeguards for sensitive and Indigenous data. Serving as both a benchmark and practical checklist, the law provides actionable guidance to enhance transparency, reproducibility, and equitable access to research in Argentina.equitable access to research in Argentina.)
Office of Science and Technology Policy Memorandum on Open Access (2022), Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) + (''Office of Science and Technology Policy … ''Office of Science and Technology Policy Memorandum on Open Access'' (2022), published by the OSTP, sets national expectations for open science and open access in the USA, aligning them with international standards. Written in English, it frames openness as the default while balancing ethics, privacy, intellectual property, and security, following the principle “as open as possible, as closed as necessary.” The memorandum emphasizes open access publishing through trusted repositories, Creative Commons licensing, persistent identifiers, and FAIR data principles supported by data management plans. Responsibilities for researchers, institutions, and funders are clearly defined, including rights retention, funding acknowledgment, and transparent rules for embargoes or exceptions. Enabling infrastructure repositories, registries, discovery services, and research information systems supports compliance and visibility, while alignment with initiatives such as Plan S and national networks ensures interoperability. Equity, inclusion, and responsible openness are central, with safeguards for sensitive or Indigenous data. Serving as both a benchmark and practical checklist, it offers actionable steps to improve transparency, reproducibility, and equitable access to research in the USA.d equitable access to research in the USA.)
Open science and research leads to surprising discoveries and creative insights (2014), Ministry of Education and Culture + (''Open Science and Research Leads to Surpr … ''Open Science and Research Leads to Surprising Discoveries and Creative Insights'' (2014), published by Finland’s Ministry of Education and Culture, sets out national expectations for open science and open access, aligning local practice with international principles. Written in Finnish and English, it positions openness as the default, balanced by ethics, privacy, intellectual property, and security, and promotes the principle of being “as open as possible, as closed as necessary.” The document highlights open access publishing via trusted repositories, Creative Commons licensing, persistent identifiers, and FAIR data principles supported by data management plans. It assigns responsibilities to researchers, institutions, and funders, covering rights retention, funding acknowledgments, and justified embargoes for sensitive cases. Infrastructure, such as repositories, discovery services, and research information systems, underpins compliance and visibility. Equity and responsible openness are cross-cutting themes, stressing affordability, multilingual communication, and safeguards for sensitive or Indigenous data. Serving as a benchmark and checklist, it offers actionable steps to improve transparency, reproducibility, and equitable access in Finland.cibility, and equitable access in Finland.)
Recommendations for the Investigation of Research Misconduct + (''Recommendations for the Investigation of … ''Recommendations for the Investigation of Research Misconduct'' provides practical guidance on how research institutions and integrity bodies should respond to and investigate allegations of research misconduct and other irresponsible practices. It supplements the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity by offering detailed, experience-based recommendations for defining misconduct, establishing and improving research integrity systems, and handling allegations fairly, transparently, and effectively. The handbook covers key topics such as identifying unacceptable practices, setting up investigation procedures, managing conflicts of interest, composing competent committees, balancing transparency with confidentiality, and addressing appeals and sanctions. It also discusses cross-boundary cases involving multiple institutions or countries and urges learning and harmonization across systems while respecting national and institutional differences. Importantly, it emphasises protecting those involved in investigations researchers, whistleblowers, and committee members to maintain trust and uphold integrity in research communities. uphold integrity in research communities.)
Salvador Declaration on Open Access: the developing world perspective (2005), Participants of the International Seminar on Open Access + (''Salvador Declaration on Open Access: the … ''Salvador Declaration on Open Access: the Developing World Perspective'' (2005), produced by participants of the International Seminar on Open Access, sets international expectations for open science and open access with a focus on developing countries. Written in English, it frames openness as the default while balancing ethics, privacy, intellectual property, and security, following the principle “as open as possible, as closed as necessary.” The declaration emphasizes open access publishing through trusted repositories, Creative Commons licensing, persistent identifiers, and FAIR data principles supported by data management plans. Responsibilities for researchers, institutions, and funders are clearly defined, including rights retention, funding acknowledgment, and transparent management of embargoes or exceptions. Infrastructure such as repositories, registries, and discovery systems supports compliance and visibility, aligning local practice with global initiatives like Plan S and the European Open Science Cloud. Equity, inclusion, and responsible openness are central, with safeguards for sensitive and Indigenous data. Serving as both a benchmark and practical checklist, it offers actionable guidance to enhance transparency, reproducibility, and equitable access worldwide.ucibility, and equitable access worldwide.)
Science as an open enterprise (2012), The Royal Society Science Policy Centre + (''Science as an Open Enterprise'' (2012), … ''Science as an Open Enterprise'' (2012), published by The Royal Society Science Policy Centre, sets out international expectations for open science and open access with a focus on the UK. Written in English, it frames openness as the default while balancing ethics, privacy, intellectual property, and security, following the principle of being “as open as possible, as closed as necessary.” The document links openness to research quality, reproducibility, innovation, and equitable access, particularly for communities with limited subscription access. It emphasizes open access publishing through repositories, Creative Commons licensing, persistent identifiers, and FAIR data principles supported by data management plans. Responsibilities are assigned to researchers, institutions, and funders, including rights retention, transparency in embargoes, and cost management. Infrastructure such as repositories, registries, and discovery systems supports adoption, aligning practices with initiatives like Plan S and the European Open Science Cloud. Equity and responsible openness are cross-cutting themes, ensuring inclusion, multilingual communication, and safeguards for sensitive or Indigenous data. Serving as both a benchmark and a practical checklist, it offers actionable steps to strengthen transparency, reproducibility, and equitable access to research.ibility, and equitable access to research.)
Scientific values: Ethical guidelines and procedures (), nan + (''Scientific Values: Ethical Guidelines an … ''Scientific Values: Ethical Guidelines and Procedures'' is a national framework from India, linked to the Indian Academy of Sciences, that promotes research integrity and responsible conduct. It stresses honesty, accountability, professional courtesy, and stewardship, connecting these values to reproducibility, credibility, and public trust in science. The document defines responsibilities for researchers, institutions, funders, and journals, outlining good practice in planning, conducting, publishing, and reviewing research. It covers authorship criteria, citation, conflicts of interest, transparency of data and methods, supervision, and peer review. It also sets procedures for handling misconduct, ensuring due process, proportionate sanctions, and opportunities for learning. Education is central, with training for students and staff. Emerging issues such as data management, open science, and digital tools are addressed, supported by checklists and templates for daily use. By aligning with global standards and promoting equity and inclusivity, the framework acts as both a policy and a practical handbook.as both a policy and a practical handbook.)
cOAlition S Accelerating the transition to full and immediate Open Access to scientific publications + (''cOAlition S: Accelerating the Transition … ''cOAlition S: Accelerating the Transition to Full and Immediate Open Access to Scientific Publications'' (2018), published by Science Europe, sets international expectations for open science and open access with a focus on the EU. Written in English, it frames openness as the default while balancing ethics, privacy, intellectual property, and security, following the principle of being “as open as possible, as closed as necessary.” The document emphasizes immediate open access to publications, Creative Commons licensing, persistent identifiers, FAIR data principles, and deposition in trusted repositories. It outlines responsibilities for researchers, institutions, and funders, including rights retention, transparency in embargoes, and cost management. Adoption is supported through infrastructure like repositories, registries, and research information systems, aligned with initiatives such as Plan S and the European Open Science Cloud. Equity and responsible openness are highlighted, ensuring inclusion, multilingual communication, and safeguards for sensitive or Indigenous data. Serving as a benchmark and practical checklist, it offers actionable steps to improve transparency, reproducibility, and equitable access across Europe and beyond.equitable access across Europe and beyond.)
Plain Language Summaries of Publications Toolkit + (.)
NTU (Nanyang Technological University) Research Integrity Policy + (1.1 This policy serves to provide the fram … 1.1 This policy serves to provide the framework for research integrity in NTU to ensure staff and students engaged in research will adhere to good research practices and to conduct research responsibly and with impeccable integrity.</br></br>1.2 This policy forms part of the [https://www.ntu.edu.sg/research/research-integrity-ethics/The-University-Code-of-Conduct University's Code of Conduct].-of-Conduct University's Code of Conduct].)
Lectures. Research Ethics Training Virtual Course + (14 Lectures Research Ethics Training Virtual Course https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLL8T_N2tHeHMPJMXAmOyFCbX6wwzK1iC_&si=lHo3UxM_m65Auiak)
Netherlands Code of Conduct for Research Integrity (2018), vsnu, Netherlands Association of Universities of Applied Sciences, De samenwerken organisaties in toegepast onderzoek, NFU, KNAW + (<article><article><article& … <article><article><article><div><div><div><div><div><div></br>The Netherlands Code of Conduct for Research Integrity (2018), developed by VSNU, the Netherlands Association of Universities of Applied Sciences, the Samenwerkende Organisaties in Toegepast Onderzoek, NFU, and KNAW, provides a national framework that aligns Dutch research practice with international standards such as the Singapore and Montreal Statements. Grounded in the values of honesty, accountability, professional courtesy, and stewardship, it outlines responsibilities for researchers, supervisors, institutions, funders, and journals across the full research cycle, from planning and conducting studies to publishing and reviewing. The Code sets expectations for clear authorship, proper acknowledgement, conflict-of-interest management, transparency of methods and data, fair peer review, and responsible supervision, while also establishing procedures for addressing breaches of integrity with due process, proportional sanctions, and learning opportunities. It embeds integrity in contemporary research through education and training, data management, digital tools, and open science, ensuring integrity is treated as a core skill rather than assumed knowledge. Equity, diversity, and inclusivity are integrated as essential to responsible research environments. Serving both as a policy benchmark and a practical handbook, the Code supports researchers, institutions, and policymakers in safeguarding credibility, reproducibility, and societal trust in Dutch research.</br></div></div></div></div><div></div><div><div></div></div></div></div></article><div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><article><div><div></br><div></div><div><div></div></div></div></div></article><div></div></div></div></div></div><div></div><div><div></div></div></div></div></article><div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div></br></div></div></div></div><div></div><div><div></div></div></div></div></article><div></div>;div></div></div></div></div></article><div></div></div></div></div></div><div></div><div><div></div></div></div></div></article><div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div> </div></div></div></div><div></div><div><div></div></div></div></div></article><div></div>)
Biomedical Alliance in Europe (Biomed Alliance) Code of Conduct + (<br />The Biomedical Alliance in Eur … <br />The Biomedical Alliance in Europe (BioMed Alliance) is a group of 34 European medical societies, with a total of more than 400,000 members, created in 2010 to unite researchers and healthcare professionals and address common issues at the European level.and address common issues at the European level.)
Planetary health: Connecting climate, health, and power + (<div> <span lang="EN-GB">This … <div></br><span lang="EN-GB">This activity builds on the content of the fourth episode of “Earth to Research”, titled “Planetary Health (Part One): Expelling Shell”. In this episode Host Lucy Sabin speaks with Petra Verdonk, co-founder of the Dutch Society for Gender and Health. They discuss gender, intersectionality, values in research and how universities can divest from fossil fuel interests while nurturing integrity and activism in academia. They reflect on what new possibilities emerge when research is guided by planetary health, gender and intersectionality perspectives.</span> </br></div><div></br><span lang="EN-GB">This podcast explores how health and climate research are deeply shaped by social inequalities, showing why gender, intersectionality, and power relations are essential for understanding real-world health outcomes in the context of the climate crisis. Through examples from research, activism, and creative practice, it challenges the idea of neutral science and invites researchers to rethink their roles, methods, and responsibilities.</span> </br></div>earchers to rethink their roles, methods, and responsibilities.</span> </div>)
How to use the Sustainability and Eco-Justice in Research course + (<div> <span lang="EN-US">This … <div></br><span lang="EN-US">This micromodule explains how the course “Sustainability and Eco-Justice in Everyday Research” is organised and how learners can engage with it in a meaningful way.</span> </br></div><div></br><span lang="EN-US">It provides clarity on the architecture of the course, the sequence of learning elements, and expectations for participation.</span> </br></div><div></br><span lang="EN-US">The course is composed of several micromodules. These are short training resources designed for individual self-paced learning which can also be used in class to stimulate reflection on sustainability in research. They consist of highly interactive resources combining different types of material (including videos, recorded mini-lectures, podcasts etc.), which stimulate self-reflection and provide knowledge about fundamental issues, theories and practical approaches to sustainable research.</span> </br></div><div></br><span lang="EN-US">The micromodules frame research as not only a mechanism of knowledge production but also as a form of practice with material, social, environmental, and ethical consequences. They emphasize that research decisions (such as topic choice and methodology) have real-world impacts on individuals, communities, and ecosystems.</span> </br></div><div></br><span lang="EN-US">The course is modular, flexible, learner-driven and allows learners to assemble a profile-specific learning pathway that suits their goals. It includes conceptual grounding, system reflections and practical tools to design concrete actions leading to more sustainable research.</span> </br></div> includes conceptual grounding, system reflections and practical tools to design concrete actions leading to more sustainable research.</span> </div>)
AI Ethics and Governance in Practice: AI Fairness in Practice + (<div> In 2021, the UK's National AI … <div></br>In 2021, the UK's National AI Strategy recommended that UK Government’s official Public Sector Guidance on AI Ethics and Safety be transformed into a series of practice-based workbooks. The result is the [https://www.turing.ac.uk/research/research-projects/ai-ethics-and-governance-practice AI Ethics and Governance in Practice Programme]. This series of eight workbooks provides end-to-end guidance on how to apply principles of AI ethics and safety to the design, development, deployment, and maintenance of AI systems. It provides public sector organisations with a Process Based Governance (PBG) Framework designed to assist AI project teams in ensuring that the AI technologies they build, procure, or use are ethical, safe, and responsible.</br>This workbook explores how a context-based and society-centred approach to understanding AI Fairness can help project teams better identify, mitigate, and manage the many ways that unfair bias and discrimination can crop up across the AI project workflow.</div><div></div>across the AI project workflow.</div><div></div>)
ARC Open Access Policy (Australian Research Council) + (<div> The ARC’s policy requires that … <div></br>The ARC’s policy requires that research outputs arising from ARC‑funded projects be made openly accessible within 12 months of publication, with metadata deposited in an institutional repository within three months and including the ARC Project ID and persistent links. The policy applies across output types (e.g., journal articles, books and chapters) for projects funded under guidelines released since 1 January 2013. Where immediate open access is not possible due to legal or contractual constraints, researchers must justify non‑compliance in final reporting. The policy page consolidates the current version and directs readers to related guidance on research data and integrity, tying open access to national evaluation exercises (e.g., ERA) and sector‑wide dissemination norms. It positions open access as a public benefit mandate, aiming to maximise the reach and utility of publicly funded research.</br></div><div><div><div><div></div><div><div><div><div></div></div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div><div><div><div><div></div><div></div><div></div></div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>iv><div><div><div></div><div></div><div></div></div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>)
Open Access Policy (2017) — Austrian Science Fund + (<div> The policy makes openness the … <div></br>The policy makes openness the default for research in Austria, aiming for work to be ''as open as possible, as closed as necessary''. It requires open access to publications (via repositories or open journals), encourages Creative Commons licensing, persistent identifiers, and FAIR data practices. Researchers, institutions, funders, and publishers all have clear responsibilities: planning for openness from the start, retaining rights, acknowledging funding, and supporting repositories and infrastructure. Exceptions for sensitive or commercial data are allowed but must be justified transparently. The policy ties openness to research quality, reproducibility, equity, and global alignment (e.g., Plan S, EOSC). Monitoring focuses on the quality of openness—metadata, licensing, transparency—rather than just publication counts. Equity and responsible openness are emphasized, with safeguards for ethics, privacy, and inclusion. Overall, it provides practical, coherent guidance for Austrian stakeholders to comply with and benefit from open science.</br></div><div><div><div><div></div><div><div><div><div></div></div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div><div><div><div><div></div><div></div><div></div></div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>iv><div><div><div></div><div></div><div></div></div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>)
国家自然科学基金委员会基础研究知识库开放获取政策实施细则 (2014), National Natural Science Foundation Committee (NSFC) + (<div><div><div><div&g … <div><div><div><div><div><div></br>The '''NSFC Open Access Policy Implementation Guidelines (2014)''' set national requirements in China for making outputs from NSFC-funded basic research openly accessible, with openness as the default while respecting ethics, privacy, intellectual property, and security. It mandates open access to publications through deposition in trusted repositories, encourages use of persistent identifiers and FAIR-aligned data management plans, and outlines responsibilities for researchers, institutions, funders, and publishers in supporting compliance. Limited embargoes or exceptions for sensitive or commercial data must be justified transparently. The policy promotes infrastructures like repositories and registries, aligns with international open science efforts, and emphasizes the quality of openness—metadata, reproducibility, and accessibility—over publication counts. Equity and inclusion are treated as cross-cutting themes, with attention to minimizing author costs, supporting repository-based routes, and providing multilingual communication. Implementation relies on clear roles, reporting, and monitoring, making the guidelines a coherent, practical reference for researchers and institutions in China.</br></div></div></div></div></div></div><div></div>ers and institutions in China. </div></div></div></div></div></div><div></div>)
Ethics challenges of new technologies: Human digital twins + (<div>A human digital twin is a highl … <div>A human digital twin is a highly detailed digital representation of a real person that uses data, artificial intelligence, and simulations to replicate aspects of the individual’s body, behavior, or decision-making processes. Unlike simple avatars or profiles, digital twins are dynamic systems continuously updated with real-world data such as health records, biometric signals (e.g., wearables tracking heart rate variability), behavioral data, and environmental information.</div><div>Originally developed in engineering and manufacturing, digital twin technology is now expanding into healthcare, smart cities, and personalized services. In medicine, for example, a patient’s digital twin could simulate psychopharmacological responses or disease progression in psychiatric disorders like depression, allowing physicians to test therapies virtually before real-world application. In other sectors, digital twins may model human behavior for training, workforce optimization, or personalized consumer experiences.</div><div>However, as this technology advances, it raises profound ethical questions. Digital twins involve extensive personal data collection, predictive modeling, and the creation of digital identities that may persist independently from the individual they represent. These developments challenge existing ethical frameworks concerning privacy, autonomy, consent, and accountability.</div>meworks concerning privacy, autonomy, consent, and accountability.</div>)
Human rights, democracy, and the rule of law assurance framework for AI systems: A proposal + (<div>This framework was completed an … <div>This framework was completed and submitted to the Council of Europe in September 2021. It presents an end-to-end approach to the assurance of AI project lifecycles that integrates context-based risk analysis and appropriate stakeholder engagement with comprehensive impact assessment, and transparent risk management, impact mitigation, and innovation assurance practices. Taken together, these interlocking processes constitute a Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law Assurance Framework (HUDERAF). The HUDERAF combines the procedural requirements for principles-based human rights due diligence with the governance mechanisms needed to set up technical and socio-technical guardrails for responsible and trustworthy AI innovation practices. Its purpose is to provide an accessible and user-friendly set of mechanisms for facilitating compliance with a binding legal framework on artificial intelligence, based on the Council of Europe's standards on human rights, democracy, and the rule of law, and to ensure that AI innovation projects are carried out with appropriate levels of public accountability, transparency, and democratic governance.</div><div></div>ncy, and democratic governance.</div><div></div>)
AI use in scientific writing + (<span lang="EN-GB">According to Oxfo … <span lang="EN-GB">According to Oxford Languages</span> (1), <span lang="EN-GB">AI (Artificial Intelligence) is the application of computer systems capable of performing tasks or producing outputs that normally require human intelligence. Can the AI tools be used for analysis and writing a scientific manuscript? Is it ethical?</span>s and writing a scientific manuscript? Is it ethical?</span>)
Anonymous Authorship + (<span lang="EN-GB">Anonymous authors … <span lang="EN-GB">Anonymous authorship in research refers to situations where contributions to scholarly work are published without identifying the author(s). This practice raises significant ethical questions about accountability, transparency, and intellectual ownership. While anonymity may be necessary in certain contexts, for example in cases where author safety would be compromised if the name of the author was published, it is generally not appropriate and acceptable (1).</span>rally not appropriate and acceptable (1).</span>)
Image Manipulation Detection - Exercises + (<span lang="EN-GB">Image alteration … <span lang="EN-GB">Image alteration with the intent of distorting scientific experiment results is considered a serious research misconduct (Parrish et Noonan, 2009). These manipulations encompass various techniques, such as cropping, colour adjustment, selective enhancement, and duplication, among other techniques (Rossner et Yamada, 2004).</span></br> </br>'''References'''</br></br>*<span lang="EN-GB">Parrish D, Noonan B. Image manipulation as research misconduct. Sci Eng Ethics. 2009 Jun;15(2):161-7. doi: 10.1007/s11948-008-9108-z. Epub 2009 Jan 6. PMID: 19125357.</span></br>*<span lang="EN-GB">Rossner M, Yamada KM. What's in a picture? The temptation of image manipulation. J Cell Biol. 2004 Jul 5;166(1):11-5. doi: 10.1083/jcb.200406019. PMID: 15240566;PMCID: PMC2172141.</span>doi: 10.1083/jcb.200406019. PMID: 15240566;PMCID: PMC2172141.</span>)
Human organoids in research as scientific potential and ethical challenges + (<span lang="EN-GB">Organoids are inn … <span lang="EN-GB">Organoids are innovative three-dimensional and self-organizing cell cultures of various lineages that can be used to study diverse tissues and organs. Human organoids have dramatically increased our understanding of developmental and disease biology (1). While organoids offer major scientific opportunities, they also raise important ethical questions related to consent, ownership of biological materials and the limits of experimentation.</span>erials and the limits of experimentation.</span>)
Consent and assent in research on children + (<span lang="EN-GB">Research involvin … <span lang="EN-GB">Research involving children presents unique ethical challenges, especially regarding obtaining consent for participation.</span> </br></br><span lang="EN-GB">Two approaches must be followed to ensure that research involving children is transparent. The first is consent, which requires complete and informed consent from adults who understand all aspects of the research;the second is assent, which is not legally binding but reflects the children’s agreement, as their age prevents them from giving fully informed consent.</span>age prevents them from giving fully informed consent.</span>)
VERITY + (<span lang="EN-GB">VERITY is a three … <span lang="EN-GB">VERITY is a three-year Horizon Europe project, which works to strengthen public trust in science by examining the complex ‘ecosystem of trust’ where trust is built, challenged, and maintained. In response to growing misinformation, public scepticism, and changing roles of scientific actors, VERITY introduces ‘Stewards of Trust’ (SOTs)—key individuals and institutions across eight domains, including science education, communication, and policy—whose actions and collaboration are essential for fostering public trust in science.</span>al for fostering public trust in science.</span>)
Addressing environmental justice in research & innovation + (<span lang="EN-US">Building on the [[Instruction:Dc7e4584-b6f9-4289-a6f5-f308340eda74|Introduction to environmental justice]] … <span lang="EN-US">Building on the [[Instruction:Dc7e4584-b6f9-4289-a6f5-f308340eda74|Introduction to environmental justice]] module, this micromodule introduces four key principles: Leave no one behind, the Do No Significant Harm (DNSH), the Polluter Pays Principle, the Precautionary Principle and informed consent. The aim is to help participants integrate justice-oriented thinking into their research and innovation practices.</span> their research and innovation practices.</span>)
Applying ecofeminist ethics to research practice + (<span lang="EN-US">Ecofeminist theor … <span lang="EN-US">Ecofeminist theories highlight how the structures that create the climate crisis and social inequality are intertwined,therefore, research that wishes to properly unpack these systems must address them together. However, ecofeminist theory can often remain abstract or theoretical when we think of applying it to research practice. By breaking down ecofeminism to highlight the tools it can provide to rethink our research on both the human and non-human, this module provides concrete examples of research dilemmas and how they may be overcome with ecofeminist principles.</span> be overcome with ecofeminist principles.</span>)
M-Power Workshop + (<span lang="EN-US">Explore what empowerment is for early career researchers (ECRs) and PhDs, in the context of daily life in academia. And to raise awareness of the role PhDs hold in influencing research culture. </span>)
Transformative research (part 1): Storytelling, reflection, and the power of reimagining academia + (<span lang="EN-US">This activity bui … <span lang="EN-US">This activity builds on the content of the first episode of Earth to Research, where host Lucy Sabin is joined by Josephine Chambers (Utrecht University) and Rianne Janssen (University of Amsterdam) to explore what it means to do transformative research in times of ecological and social crisis. They discuss how storytelling can help researchers reflect on their values, imagine alternative futures, and build solidarity in the face of shared struggles. From questioning hidden assumptions to experimenting with creative methods, this episode invites listeners to rethink the role of research, not just in describing the world, but in remaking it.</span>describing the world, but in remaking it.</span>)
Myths and rituals: Art-science, sustainable tech, and degrowth + (<span lang="EN-US">This activity bui … <span lang="EN-US">This activity builds on the content of the third episode of Earth to Research, titled</span> <span lang="EN-GB">Myths and Rituals: Art-Science, Sustainable Tech, and Degrowth. This episode explores how research and innovation can be re-imagined in the context of ecological crisis. Guest Sofia Greaves describes her nonlinear journey from classics studies to art-science collaborations and degrowth studies, showing how interdisciplinary knowledge can reshape how we understand sustainability.</span></br></br><span lang="EN-GB">Degrowth is presented not as a singular doctrine but as a plural, evolving critique of economic growth that highlights the impossibility of infinite expansion on a finite planet. Sofia explains that degrowth involves questioning dominant assumptions, valuing multiple knowledge systems, and experimenting with alternative ways of organising society, science, and technology.</span></br></br><span lang="EN-GB">A major theme is the importance of collaboration between artists and scientists. Art-science projects can help researchers slow down, reflect, and develop more caring and embodied ways of relating to the environment. Examples include ritual-based research on forever chemicals and artistic inquiries into lithium extraction that reveal unseen ecological relationships. These collaborations foreground uncertainty, challenge technological “fix” narratives, and generate new stories and perspectives. The conversation concludes that sustainability is a social, ethical and epistemic challenge (not just a technological one) and that creative, reflexive, cross-disciplinary approaches are vital in research.</span>hat creative, reflexive, cross-disciplinary approaches are vital in research.</span>)
Transformative research (part 2): Emotions & justice + (<span lang="EN-US">This micromodule, … <span lang="EN-US">This micromodule, inspired by the podcast T[https://open.spotify.com/episode/2Yq8FQTN5tX789DJwwSrmI?si=WUKgA52dS9WjZ-Llt98E8A ransformative Research, Part 2: Emotions & Justice], explores the emotional and justice-oriented dimensions of research. Drawing on Ursula Le Guin’s ''The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas'', the discussion examines how hidden assumptions, imagination, and embodied experience shape our roles as researchers. It asks us to reflect on what it means to connect knowledge with action in pursuit of more just futures.</span> with action in pursuit of more just futures.</span>)
Directionality towards planetary stewardship: From disconnection to relational praxis + (<span lang="EN-US">This short microm … <span lang="EN-US">This short micromodule introduces learners to the visual and conceptual model of “directionality towards planetary stewardship” developed by Redvers et al. (2023). It prompts critical reflection on how institutions, knowledge systems, and personal attitudes either reproduce or resist dominant paradigms of disconnection. The exercise helps bridge the cognitive, affective, and relational shifts needed to move from disconnection to stewardship. It integrates Indigenous pedagogies, critical theory, and planetary health education frameworks.</span>nd planetary health education frameworks.</span>)
Just Transition (part two): Green colonialism and energy justice + (<span lang="EN-US">Through short pod … <span lang="EN-US">Through short podcasts and interactive activities, learners get familiar with different forms of justice – recognition, distributive, spatial, temporal and epistemic – and how these ideas show up in real environmental conflicts.</span> </br></br><span lang="EN-US">A central part of the module looks at the Saami experience with the Fosen wind project. The case shows how renewable energy initiatives, even when well-intended, can overlook indigenous rights if they are pushed forwards without proper consultation or consent.</span>shed forwards without proper consultation or consent.</span>)
The Rise of Octopus Affiliation: Navigating Multiple Institutional Associations in Academic Publishing + (<span lang="HR">One of the most impo … <span lang="HR">One of the most important elements in research articles is author affiliation as it provides readers with information where the research was conducted. The academic community refers to this practice as "octopus affiliation" because it is becoming more and more common for authors to list multiple affiliations (1). When an author lists more than one organization to which they are affiliated in their article, it is known as octopus affiliation (2).</span>, it is known as octopus affiliation (2).</span>)