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Selecting Appropriate Material and Effectiveness Measurement Tools for your Target Audience + (In this module you will find examples of t … In this module you will find examples of training materials on research ethics and integrity that can be used to train at specific career stages. The following introduces a collection of trainings developed by EU-funded initiatives and indicate, which trainings or parts of them are suitable for 1) secondary schools, 2) bachelor and master students, 3) PhD students and early career researchers, 4) academics and experts in research ethics and integrity, and 5) supervisors. Although we have categorised the training materials by career stage, we recommend that trainers and teachers define the needs and skill level of the group to be trained before selecting the material to be used. This is because career stage often does not reflect the level of skills and competences in terms of research ethics and integrity. The following training resources have been developed by EU-funded initiatives namely: [[PRINTEGER]], [[ENERI]], [[RID-SSISS]], [[EnTIRE final conference|EnTIRE]], [[Virt2uetraining|VIRT2UE]], [[Path2Integrity]], [[INTEGRITY]], [[BRIDGE]] and [[ROSiE]].All the training resources presented in this module provide examples of training materials to promote RE/RI and prevent research misconduct from the perspective of individual and institutional responsibilities. Active learning, like case studies, engages learners and helps connect content to real ethical dilemmas. Reflection helps learners explore personal values, making ethical principles and theories more meaningful and guiding individual growth. Role-playing and simulations offer experiential insights, allowing learners to practice decision-making in a safe environment, fostering empathy and ethical confidence. A culturally sensitive approach prepares learners for global collaboration by recognizing diverse ethical norms. Lastly, continuous assessment and constructive feedback reinforce learning, enabling learners to apply ethical principles thoughtfully in real-life scenarios, supporting long-term commitment to research integrity.Moreover, for each target group this module recommends specific tools and methods to measure the short-, medium- and long-term impact of RE/RI trainings (presented below). While materials and resources have been developed for RE/RI training, they may not always include a plan for the assessment of learning or suggestions on how information about learning can be used as an indicator of training effect.The same training material presented below are also presented in the last section of the BEYOND trainer guide divided by type of training activity and by the specific EU project responsible for its development. This alternative categorization allows for a more tailored approach, enabling users to quickly identify relevant resources that align with their needs, when they already know what training approaches they wish to use, or seeking further guidance related to using specific teaching approaches rather than seeking resources for a specific target group. By connecting each piece of training material to its originating EU project, we can highlight the distinct contributions of each initiative, showcasing their unique approaches to training.asing their unique approaches to training.)
Medical students' decisions about authorship in disputable situations: intervention study + (In this non-randomized intervention study, … In this non-randomized intervention study, authors explored whether formal instruction on International Committee of Medical Journal editors (ICMJE) authorship criteria influences medical students' perceptions of authorship dilemmas. They also explored whether they perceive authorship as a conventional or moral concept.orship as a conventional or moral concept.)
3 things societies can do to promote research integrity + (In this podcast, produced by Wiley, Brian Nosek gives three insights into what researchers and the research community can do to "close the gaps between research values and practice".)
Addressing the socio-economic consequences of research misconduct + (In this policy brief the Horizon EU-funded … In this policy brief the Horizon EU-funded BEYOND project explores the broad socio-economic impacts of research misconduct to help shape strategies promoting research ethics and integrity, emphasizing shared responsibilities between individuals and institutions. '"`UNIQ--ref-00000005-QINU`"'The document describes the impact of research misconduct on a socio-economic level, the factors that drive research misconduct, the stakeholders affected by it and provides a list of recommended actions.nd provides a list of recommended actions.)
Fiction movies for RCR education + (In this project, the usefulness and applic … In this project, the usefulness and applicability of a selection of fiction movies for RCR education were investigated.A format for structured description of (fragments of) movies was developed and after pilot testing consensus on the format was achieved. This format was applied to 31 movies. Not all movies in our initial selection were deemed useful for RCR education; 20 movies remained in the final selection.Legal and practical aspects of using (fragments of) movies for educational purposes and of sharing the teaching materials online (creative commons) were explored.s online (creative commons) were explored.)
A comparison of online versus on-site training in health research methodology: a randomized study + (In this randomized study, authors measured … In this randomized study, authors measured Biostatistics and Research Ethics online course knowledge, compared to traditional on-site training of the same course. Online and on-site training formats led to marked and similar improvements of knowledge in Biostatistics and Research Ethics.edge in Biostatistics and Research Ethics.)
The German Association of University Professors and Lecturers' (DHV) Position Paper on Scientific Self-regulation and Scientific Misconduct + (In this resolution, the DHV highlights the … In this resolution, the DHV highlights the importance of self-regulation in science. While acknowledging that various pressures exist such as competition, pressure from funders or industry and state influence, it emphasized that research misconduct can in o way be justified.arch misconduct can in o way be justified.)
Are these data real? Statistical methods for the detection of data fabrication in clinical trials + (In this study authors used statistical methods to compare data from two clinical trials - one with concerns of research misconduct and other with no such concerns. The results showed that data from the suspected clinical trial were fabricated.)
Case-based ethics instruction: the influence of contextual and individual factors in case content on ethical decision-making + (In this study, authors explored case-based … In this study, authors explored case-based ethics instruction. They looked at the whether ethical decision making could be influenced by contextual and personal factors, which had been integrated into the case content. The cases were altered in such a way to provide a clear description of the social context of the case and indicate the goals of the fictional characters. One result of the study is that the social context was important to facilitate sensemaking, which resulted in greater ethical decision making.sulted in greater ethical decision making.)
Inadequately handle or store data or (bio)materials + (Inadequate handling or storing of data or … Inadequate handling or storing of data or (bio)materials can lead to leaks in sensitive data and a breach in confidentiality. Personal data and (bio)materials should be stored in an organised manner that protects personal information and guarantees confidentiality. Other researchers should be able to access sufficient anonymized data to allow them to verify the results of the study.w them to verify the results of the study.)
The Dutch Code on Prevention of Undue Influence through Conflicts of Interest + (Increasingly, excellence in research is de … Increasingly, excellence in research is dependent upon collaborations between different scientific institutions and disciplines. Moreover, collaborations between private and public organizations are also on the rise. This means that scientists form various domains are part of a large, well-connected network. While this is conducive to good science, it also means that scientists face greater conflicts of interest due to dual responsibilities or influence from peers. This document elaborates this issue, and provides advice to prevent such influence and maintain trust in science.Note: The resource isn't currently available through the original hyperlink. Until this is solved, please find it [https://www.gezondheidsraad.nl/documenten/overige/2017/01/01/code-ter-voorkoming-van-oneigenlijke-beinvloeding-door-belangenverstrengeling here] or [https://www.zorginstituutnederland.nl/publicaties/publicatie/2016/09/15/code-ter-voorkoming-van-oneigenlijke-beinvloeding-door-belangenverstrengeling#:~:text=Zorginstituut%20Nederland%20Publicaties-,Code%20ter%20voorkoming%20van%20oneigenlijke%20be%C3%AFn here] (all in Dutch).genlijke%20be%C3%AFn here] (all in Dutch).)
Inferring from P-values + (Inferring from P-values is considered to b … Inferring from P-values is considered to be a conventional scientific procedure '"`UNIQ--ref-000002F9-QINU`"'. However, this statistical method is frequently misused, resulting in the publication of false positive results '"`UNIQ--ref-000002FA-QINU`"', which is one of the reasons why the American Statistical Association (ASA) released a policy statement on P-values. There is an ongoing discussion in the scientific community regarding the statement.'"`UNIQ--references-000002FB-QINU`"'ment. '"`UNIQ--references-000002FB-QINU`"')
Informed assent + (Informed assent is a process through which … Informed assent is a process through which minors agree to participate in clinical trials. This is different from informed consent, because minors cannot provide consent in the full meaning of the word, as they don’t meet the legal age requirements and are considered to be a vulnerable population. For minors, consent is provided by parents or legal guardians, and this process of acquiring both consent and assent is called a dual consent procedure.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000004-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--references-00000005-QINU`"'NU`"' '"`UNIQ--references-00000005-QINU`"')
Informed consent + (Informed consent is a process of acquiring permission from potential participants, before conducting some sort of medical intervention, collection of personal data or enrollment in a study.'"`UNIQ--ref-000001C2-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--references-000001C3-QINU`"')
The Three Rs of Animal Research + (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee denies the approval of a study involving animal experimentation on the grounds that alternative methods are available.)
Integrity Games - a research based learning platform on academic integrity aimed at undergraduate university students + (Integrity Games is a research based teachi … Integrity Games is a research based teaching tool on academic integrity aimed at university undergraduate students from all disciplines.'''How to use the tool in teaching'''Integrity Games is a '''research based learning platform on academic integrity aimed at undergraduate university students''' across all faculties. It is designed to spark interest, reflection and learning through '''four gamified cases''' and a library of central concepts.Integrity Games is built on the idea that academic integrity is more than avoidance of clear-cut cheating. It also involves knowledge of the basic requirements for academic integrity, and competence in navigating the many grey zones between outright cheating and good practice.Many of the academic integrity issues students face – such as freeriding in group work or handling deviating data - are not covered by the local disciplinary rules, and even if they are, the interpretation of the rules may be context dependent.Navigating grey zones therefore requires attention to context and reflection on the broader aims of higher education.Integrity Games encourages this through engaging and realistic cases drawn from a major study on the integrity issues commonly faced by undergraduate students in Europe.The tool in designed to be flexible and it is available in different languages. To get an overview, watch a video at the Integrity Games [https://integgame.eu/forteachers page.]Suggestions and information on how to use the games in teaching:* [https://integgame.eu/1145 Intended learning outcomes and target groups]* [https://integgame.eu/1149 Getting started: Using Integrity Games in teaching]* [https://integgame.eu/1146 Structure of the cases]] * [https://integgame.eu/1146 Structure of the cases])
Integrity Games + (Integrity Games is built on the idea that … Integrity Games is built on the idea that academic integrity is more than avoidance of clear-cut cheating. It also involves knowledge of the basic requirements for academic integrity, and competence in navigating the many grey zones between outright cheating and good practice. Integrity Games offer undergraduate students the possibility to reflect on multiple dilemmas and cases. Students and their teachers can start playing Integrity Games by taking a quiz that will personalize their information. Once they have done the quiz, all the cases and dilemmas will be available.[[File:Integrity games.png|center|frame]]The first version of Integrity Games was developed in 2021 as part of the research project [https://h2020integrity.eu/ INTEGRITY] funded by the EU through Horizon 2020. The site will be continually expanded with new cases and translations. expanded with new cases and translations.)
Development and Value of National Research Integrity Codes + (International declarations such as the Hon … International declarations such as the Hong Kong principles and the San Francisco Declaration of Research Assessment (DORA) aim to foster research integrity among the global research community 1, 2. At the European level, the European Code of Conduct (ECoC) is a research integrity document that aims to harmonize the research integrity standards across Europe 3. In addition, many individual European countries have developed their own national guidance detailing the principles and practices of research integrity and addressing instances of research misconduct. This theme page describes the development and value of these national research integrity codes in Europe.nt and value of these national research integrity codes in Europe.)
Internet Research Ethics + (Internet Research Ethics refers to application of ethical principles to research carried out on the Internet, whether its intention is to collect data or study human behavior online.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000048-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--references-00000049-QINU`"')
Plagiarism scandal grows in Iran + (Investigation finds more cases of duplicat … Investigation finds more cases of duplication in publications co-authored by ministers and senior officials. ''Nature'' has uncovered further instances of apparent plagiarism in papers co-authored by government ministers and senior officials in Iran. The spate of new examples raises questions about whether such incidents are symptomatic of conditions also common in other developing countries — such as difficulties with English or pressure to acquire academic credentials as a prerequisite for promotion — or whether they are also linked specifically to the Iranian regime, where growth of a merit-based university culture has been undermined by political appointments and purges of reform-minded scientists.ts and purges of reform-minded scientists.)
Japan fails to settle university dispute + (Investigations highlight need for a nation … Investigations highlight need for a national, independent body to oversee research ethics. It has been a rough year for materials scientist Akihisa Inoue, the president of Tohoku University in Japan. Last March, an earthquake crippled his campus (see [https://doi.org/10.1038/483141a Nature 483,141–143; 2012]). Since then, he has had to retract a series of papers because they contained text that had appeared in his previous publications, and has faced continuing calls for his resignation from the university, which he has rejected. His critics, mostly professors at his university, claim that some of his work cannot be replicated, and that there are irregularities in the data in some of his papers (see [https://doi.org/10.1038/470446a Nature 470, 446–447; 2011])..1038/470446a Nature 470, 446–447; 2011]).)
Irecs Research Ethics in a Global Environment Audio-Step3 + (Irecs Research Ethics in a Global Environment Audio-Step3)
Irecs Research Ethics in a Global Environment Audio-Step8 + (Irecs Research Ethics in a Global Environment Audio-Step8)
Irecs Research Ethics in a Global Environment Feedback Accordion-Step2 + (Irecs Research Ethics in a Global Environment Feedback Accordion-Step2)
Irecs Research Ethics in a Global Environment Video Tr-Step7 + (Irecs Research Ethics in a Global Environment Video Tr-Step7)

Irecs Research Ethics in a Global Environment Video-Step1 + (Irecs Research Ethics in a Global Environment Video-Step1)

Irecs Research Ethics in a Global Environment Video Tr-Step3 + (Irecs Research Ethics in a Global Environment Video-Step3)
Irecs Research Ethics in a Global Environment Video-Step3 + (Irecs Research Ethics in a Global Environment Video-Step3)
Irecs Research Ethics in a Global Environment Video-Step4 + (Irecs Research Ethics in a Global Environment Video-Step4)
Irecs Research Ethics in a Global Environment Video-Step5 + (Irecs Research Ethics in a Global Environment Video-Step5)
Irecs Research Ethics in a Global Environment Video-Step6 + (Irecs Research Ethics in a Global Environment Video-Step6)
Irecs Social Justice, Vulnerability And Inclusion Aud_Step8 + (Irecs Social Justice, Vulnerability And Inclusion Aud_Step8)
Irecs Social Justice, Vulnerability And Inclusion Vid_Step 10 + (Irecs Social Justice, Vulnerability And Inclusion Vid_Step 10)
Irecs Social Justice, Vulnerability And Inclusion Vid_Step 9 + (Irecs Social Justice, Vulnerability And Inclusion Vid_Step 9)
Irecs Social Justice, Vulnerability and Inclusion Audio_Step 12 + (Irecs Social Justice, Vulnerability and Inclusion Audio_Step 11)
Irecs Social Justice, Vulnerability and Inclusion Quiz_Step 12 + (Irecs Social Justice, Vulnerability and Inclusion Quiz_Step 12)
Irecs Social Justice, Vulnerability and Inclusion Vid_Step 11 + (Irecs Social Justice, Vulnerability and Inclusion Vid_Step 11)
Irecs Social Justice, Vulnerability and Inclusion_Audio_Step6 + (Irecs Social Justice, Vulnerability and Inclusion_Audio_Step6)
Irecs Social Justice, Vulnerability and Inclusion_Audio_Step7 + (Irecs Social Justice, Vulnerability and Inclusion_Audio_Step7)
Irecs Social Justice, Vulnerability and Inclusion_Vid_Step4 + (Irecs Social Justice, Vulnerability and Inclusion_Vid_Step4)
Irecs Social Justice, Vulnerability and Inclusion_Vid_Step5 + (Irecs Social Justice, Vulnerability and Inclusion_Vid_Step5)
Posing irrelevant research questions + (Irrelevant research questions are those qu … Irrelevant research questions are those questions that do not advance scientific understanding. Examples include questions that have already been convincingly answered by others, leading to duplicate research, or that could be answered by performing a systematic review or meta-analysis. '"`UNIQ--ref-0000018B-QINU`"' Irrelevant research questions can lead to research waste.'"`UNIQ--references-0000018C-QINU`"'aste. '"`UNIQ--references-0000018C-QINU`"')
Fraud, errors and gamesmanship in experimental toxicology: GM potatoes + (It discusses several case studies in the f … It discusses several case studies in the field of toxicology briefly, and a few particular extensively. One is the work of Árpád Pusztai on the toxic dietary effects of genetically modified potato on experimental rats has many interesting facets. Pusztai's conclusions on toxicity were in the public domain - via a TV interview he gave - before the results were published. This interview had widespread implications for the future of GM crops and food. A frenzied debate then occurred in the media, with scientists, politicians and single interest groups expressing their views. About a year later, when the manuscript was published, it received extensive criticism regarding its experimental design and reliability.g its experimental design and reliability.)
Continuing Research and Protecting Confidentiality + (J.D. Brighton conducted a research about t … J.D. Brighton conducted a research about the perception of police behaviour in a small community. The local police chief requested access to the data in order to have the results confirmed by another researcher. Brighton is worried that sharing data would violate the trust of his participants and make it impossible to continue the research done with them. Moreover, he is worried that some of the participants could be identified by the police. The case study asks whether Brighton should grant access to data.ther Brighton should grant access to data.)
Linking Data Sets + (Janice Spencer conducts research on adoles … Janice Spencer conducts research on adolescents' contacts with juvenile justice system. After starting a second project assessing law enforcement's decision making concerning juveniles, she realises that her research covers many of the subjects studied in the first project. She decides to combine the data sets from the two projects as she believes it would provide much value, but realised that her consent procedures did not anticipate such possibility. The case study asks about the proper course of action in this situation.proper course of action in this situation.)
Reporting Full Findings + (Jenny Diaz is nearing her tenure evaluatio … Jenny Diaz is nearing her tenure evaluation and wants to improve her publication record by submitting two papers based on data from a project that is still underway. She is worried that doing so would jeopardize future findings of the projects and two dissertations based on the data collected through the project. The case study asks whether she should submit the articles.ks whether she should submit the articles.)
False, Fabricated or Misleading Data + (Jim Burke is preparing a presentation for … Jim Burke is preparing a presentation for Professor Rassmussen as part of his duties as research assistant. He notices that some of the data covered in the presentation might have been made up by the intervieweres. The case study asks whether he should mention it to Rassmussen and what Rassmussen should do in the situation.hat Rassmussen should do in the situation.)
Practicing Reflection in Dialogue + (Join your fellow trainees and your trainer … Join your fellow trainees and your trainers for the first participatory sessions (face to face or though conference call). During these sessions you will reflect upon the content of the online course and integrate the knowledge you have gained in practice while experiencing the group exercises, facilitated by the trainer. Through the exercises, you will be guided to reflect on your own experiences and develop, in dialogue with others, insight in moral considerations about virtuous responses to (real) moral dilemmas in practice. Furthermore, you will learn how to foster reflection in others by focusing on your role as trainer. You will also learn the didactics of each exercise and how to apply them in your own work setting.ow to apply them in your own work setting.)
Data Sharing and Potential Future Uses + (Jose Coronado conducts a study which requi … Jose Coronado conducts a study which requires him to archive data for future reuse and which assumes that subjects might be re-interviewed in the future. He is worried that this might make less likely that his subjects will agree to take part. The case study asks how Coronado should discuss with his research subjects about the future of their data.h subjects about the future of their data.)
Eforcement Agencies and the Protection of Human Subjects + (Judith Levy was conducting a study about w … Judith Levy was conducting a study about ways of reducing drug-use and HIV transmission when two of her reserach subjects kidnapped their child from a shelter. As a result, the media, FBI and the police started interfering with the project and undermining the subjects' confidentiality. The case study asks about the proper course of action in such situations and the extent to which researchers can protect their sources.ich researchers can protect their sources.)
Levels of reflective thinking and ethics reflection in academic writing + (Kember and his colleagues (Kember, 1999; K … Kember and his colleagues (Kember, 1999; Kember et al., 2000; for elaborations see also Kember et al., 2008; Bell et al., 2011) have specified Mezirow’s (1991) reflection levels:-non-reflective thinking – which means showing habitual action and just repeating words;-descriptive level – which means describing what happens and how it is happening;-analytical level – may include other levels but also includes reflection on experience, i.e., what it means (to me);-reflective/critical level – may include all previous levels but the crucial part is to display change or redirection, recognition of own pre-defined beliefs and values, and understanding how those influence any perspectives taken.In a similar way, ethics sections in doctoral dissertations can be seen as one type of display of learning of REI, especially if the final piece of writing can be compared to earlier drafts. Based on an analysis of the ethics sections of 60 PhD dissertations, Marita Cronqvist (2024) has identified topic areas and corresponding criteria (Table 3). This framework could be applied in the analysis of the content and evaluating the quality of ethical considerations displayed in the research ethics section of dissertations (Table 3).Both frameworks—the levels of reflective thinking and the framework for assessing ethics sections—can thus be used to monitor and analyse how reflection and ethical awareness are demonstrated and developed in the context of REI.rated and developed in the context of REI.)