What is this about? (Is About)
From The Embassy of Good Science
A short summary providing some details about the theme/resource (max. 75 words)
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When formal allegations of misconduct are made, institutions handling such allegations must follow certain procedures to ensure that legal and professional rights are not encroached upon. +
When scientists are accused of misconduct their legal rights may be encroached upon. +
Pressures to excel, obtain grants and funding and publish in prestigious journals can take its toll on even the most resilient academics. Concerns about mental health in the academic community have increased in the last couple of years, particularly those concerns regarding the mental health of doctoral students and early-career researchers. +
ORI (The Office of Research Integrity) is an American based platform for all things related to research integrity. Located in the department of Health and Human Services, ORI directs the Public Health Service (PHS) activity on research integrity and affects research institutions both within and beyond federal government programs. The responsibilities of ORI play a critical role in developing and maintaining research integrity. In order to teach and promote research integrity and properly handle and reduce research misconduct, ORI develops policies for detecting and subsequently addressing research misconduct, as well as developing and implementing training programmes for good conduct of research.
Here you can check the latest news in research integrity, inform yourself and learn from cases of misconduct, explore training programs and conferences, and follow their latest grant allocations. ORI offers and annual report and a quarterly newsletter for those interested in how misconduct has been handled and research integrity has been promoted. +
Open Science is the movement to make scientific research outputs accessible to all. Open science is sometimes described as a decentralised and collaborative process, '"`UNIQ--ref-00000000-QINU`"' and other times as a philosophical perspective that challenges secrecy and promotes the idea that sharing data and collaboration are inherently good, and in order to promote these, barriers to access research should be removed.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000001-QINU`"' The key pillars of Open Science include open access to publications, open and FAIR data, and open source code.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000002-QINU`"'
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Plan S is an initiative for open-access publishing in science. It was set in motion by research organizations from 12 different European countries. The fundamental aim of Plan S is to mandate publicly funded research organizations and institutions to make their work freely available by publishing their manuscripts in open access journals and repositories. +
The Singapore statement specifies that “Research institutions should create and sustain environments that encourage integrity through education, clear policies, and reasonable standards for advancement, while fostering work environments that support research integrity.”'"`UNIQ--ref-00000000-QINU`"'
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Research integrity advisors have a significant role in promoting research integrity within their institutions. If you have any concerns regarding research integrity issues, or you simply need a piece of advice on research integrity, RI advisors will promptly answer all your question and clear up possible doubts. +
Research integrity (RI) committees contribute to the responsible research conduct as the basis of research behavior, and play a role in dealing with cases of research misconduct and fostering research integrity among different research institutions.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000000-QINU`"'
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In order to assess the ethical dimensions of research projects, members of research ethics committees (RECs) need expertise. But what skills constitute expertise? The European Network of Research Ethics and Research Integrity (ENERI) '"`UNIQ--ref-00000000-QINU`"' has identified crucial skills research ethics and research integrity experts should have. Four sets of skills can be distinguished: 1) hard skills, 2) soft skills, 3) process skills, and 4) emotional skills. While only some hard skills are necessary for conferring expert status to an individual, RECs benefit from memberships with diverse skill sets.
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Research Ethics Committees (RECs) were developed after WW2, particularly in response to the Nazi doctors’ trials. An Ethics Committee or Institutional Review Board is responsible for ensuring that medical experimentation and human research are carried out in an ethical manner.
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Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) refers to engaging the public in the research process to better align the goals and outcomes of research with the needs of society and to address societal challenges. +
Through the determination of funding and goals of the scientific community, science policy influences core aspects of all sciences. Science policy defines direction for research activities through investments both in people and equipment. Science policies are usually developed by governmental bodies and/or other stakeholders with any kind of interests in science (e.g., theoretical, practical, financial).'"`UNIQ--ref-00000000-QINU`"'
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Teaching sensitive and controversial issues in history education helps students to develop critical thinking, analytical skills and understand the world we live in better. Scholars agree that the question is not ''should'' we teach these issues but ''how'' should we teach them.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000000-QINU`"' The Committee of Ministers'"`UNIQ--ref-00000001-QINU`"' and Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe'"`UNIQ--ref-00000002-QINU`"' also highlight the importance of teaching sensitive and controversial issues in history education.
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On May 25th, 2018, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) entered into force in Europe. The GDPR sets out the new rules researchers must adhere to when processing personal data.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000000-QINU`"'Personal data is any data with which a person can be directly or indirectly identified. Researchers should conform to the GDPR principles of data protection to protect the privacy rights of their study participants and avoid legal issues.
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The strength of an institution’s whistleblower protection influences whether people actively report misconduct or decide to passively witness a potential integrity breach. Whistleblower protections also show a given institution’s commitment to scientific integrity +
Altmetrics are an alternative, online based approach to research metrics, as opposed to traditional ones, such as h-index or impact factor.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000000-QINU`"'
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Eigenfactor is a method developed as an alternative metric to the impact factor (IF). Since IF does not consider sources of citations, those from prestigious journals seem to be worth no more than citations from less influential publications.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000000-QINU`"' Eigenfactor, on the other hand, aims to evaluate the influence of journals in order to help researchers navigate the scholarly literature.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000001-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--ref-00000002-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--ref-00000003-QINU`"'
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The h-index, introduced by Jorge Hirsch in 2005, is a metric that conveys both the productivity and citation impact of an individual researcher. '"`UNIQ--ref-00000000-QINU`"' If a researcher has a h-index of 5 then the researcher has 5 publications with 5 or more citations. A h-index of 75 means that there are 75 publications with 75 or more citations. It thus becomes progressively more difficult to increase one’s h-index, and h-indices are exponentially distributed among scientists.
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A journal’s ‘Impact Factor’ (IF) gives an indication of journal influence. The IF is a measure of the number of citations divided by the number of published articles in a journal.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000000-QINU`"'
It is calculated for an entire year, taking into account number of citations in that year to all items published in the previous two years, and divided with a number of scholarly items (article, review, proceedings paper) in the previous two years.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000001-QINU`"' For example, the 2018 IF of a journal reflects the number of times all items published in the journal in 2016 and 2017 were cited in 2018, divided by the number of scholarly items published in the journal in 2016 and 2017.
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