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Oviedo Convention + (.)

European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) + (47 Member States of the Council of Europe … 47 Member States of the Council of Europe have signed the European Convention on Human Rights. Besides, any violation of the ECHR can be taken to the European Court of Human Rights. The European Convention on Human Rights has been endorsed by several European societies like the European Federation of Psychologists' Associations and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.cademy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.)
Science and Surveillance: Western Institutions Consider Role in China’s Uighur Crackdown + (<br /> '"`UNIQ--references-00000002-QINU`"')
ROSiE General Guidelines on Responsible Open Science + (<div> These guidelines are important … <div></br>These guidelines are important as open science is now considered as standard in the practice of science in the research and innovation programs of the European Commission. To quote the EC, " Open science is a policy priority for the European Commission and the standard method of working under its research and innovation funding programmes as it improves the quality, efficiency and responsiveness of research."</br></br></br>'''Reference:'''</br>https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/strategy/strategy-2020-2024/our-digital-future/open-science_en</div><div></div>-digital-future/open-science_en</div><div></div>)
AI Ethics and Governance in Practice: An Introduction + (<div>AI systems may have transformat … <div>AI systems may have transformative and long-term effects on individuals and society. To manage these impacts responsibly and direct the development of AI systems toward optimal public benefit, considerations of AI ethics and governance must be a first priority.</div><div></div>nance must be a first priority.</div><div></div>)
Ethics Framework and Guidelines for Participatory Processes in the Activities of Research Funding Organizations + (<div>RFOs play a fundamental role in … <div>RFOs play a fundamental role in the opening up of research to broader audiences, and are crucial in determining research agendas at a local, national and international level. As such, it is a good thing that RFOs want to involve more (and broader) groups in participation - but involving these groups in an ethical way raises new issues and questions. These guidelines exist as a tool for safeguarding the ethics, effectiveness and justification of stakeholder participation.</div><div></div>n of stakeholder participation.</div><div></div>)
Ethics challenges of new technologies: Human digital twins + (<div>The ethical implications of hum … <div>The ethical implications of human digital twins are significant because the technology operates at the intersection of artificial intelligence, big data, and personal identity. If not carefully governed, it may introduce risks that affect individuals and society at large—such as a 2025 study estimating that biased twins could exacerbate healthcare disparities by up to 30% in underrepresented groups.</div><div>One major concern is privacy and data ownership. Digital twins require vast amounts of personal data, including sensitive health, behavioral, and genetic information. Questions arise about who owns this data, who controls the digital twin, and how securely this information is stored and used.</div><div>Another issue involves autonomy and consent. Individuals may consent to the use of their data at one point in time, but digital twins may continue to evolve and generate insights long after the original consent was given. This creates challenges in ensuring ongoing, informed consent and maintaining individuals’ control over how their digital representation is used.</div><div>There are also concerns about algorithmic bias and fairness. If digital twins are trained on biased datasets, they may produce inaccurate or discriminatory predictions. In healthcare, for instance, biased models could lead to unequal treatment recommendations across different populations.</div><div>Finally, the concept of a digital twin raises philosophical questions about identity and representation. If a digital twin can simulate decisions or predict behavior, to what extent does it represent the real person? And who is responsible when decisions are made based on simulations generated by the twin?</div>And who is responsible when decisions are made based on simulations generated by the twin?</div>)
AI use in scientific writing + (<span lang="EN-GB">AI use is becomin … <span lang="EN-GB">AI use is becoming part of many processes, as well as improving the writing of scientific publications. AI tools can be used for basic technical assistance, linguistic enhancement, substantial content involvement, or even extensive content creation</span> (2)<span lang="EN-GB">. However, a good scientific practice includes accountability, objectivity, reproducibility, transparency, integrity, honesty</span> (3)<span lang="EN-GB">.</span> </br></br><span lang="EN-GB">The research should be original, even though some AI tool is utilised. It seems that the scientific journals have their own policies on AI-generated content, and the authors are recommended to review those before attempting to use AI for their manuscript. The level of AI use should be thought through by the authors, and when utilised, the ethical rigor warrants acknowledgment of such an action in the manuscript</span> (4)<span lang="EN-GB">. Nondisclosure of AI use can be classified as misconduct in some circumstances</span> (5)<span lang="EN-GB">.</span></br></br><span lang="EN-GB">Another issue is confidentiality, as some AI tools do not ensure that the content will not be taken up</span> (5)<span lang="EN-GB">.</span>fidentiality, as some AI tools do not ensure that the content will not be taken up</span> (5)<span lang="EN-GB">.</span>)
Human organoids in research as scientific potential and ethical challenges + (<span lang="EN-GB">Advances in stem … <span lang="EN-GB">Advances in stem cell biology have heralded a revolution in biology and medicine. As these technologies expanded into human cells, they paved the way for discoveries in fundamental human biology and advancement in medical care (2).</span></br></br><span lang="EN-GB">The clear opinions of scientists over the issue of consciousness and moral status, however, does not mean that they undervalue the ethical discussion in general. In fact, some interviewees were aware of the possible issues related to other ethical aspects, such as informed consent in the case of HBOs grown starting from induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), or the problem of communicating the findings and the research to the lay public (3).</span> the findings and the research to the lay public (3).</span>)
Anonymous Authorship + (<span lang="EN-GB">Authorship is a f … <span lang="EN-GB">Authorship is a fundamental aspect of academic integrity, ensuring accountability, credibility, and proper attribution of contributions. Anonymity can complicate the verification and review process, making it harder to assess the quality and reliability of research. Additionally, journals and funding bodies require clear authorship attribution to uphold research integrity. However, in cases where anonymity is warranted, ethical guidelines must be carefully considered (2). Balancing the need for transparency with the potential risks of exposure is a challenge that institutions, researchers, and publishers must navigate.</span>esearchers, and publishers must navigate.</span>)
PREPARED Guidance for Fair and Fast Desk Assessment of Submitted Manuscripts during Times of Crisis + (<span lang="EN-GB">During the COVID- … <span lang="EN-GB">During the COVID-19 pandemic, most research focused on the virus was fast-tracked but often in a fragmented manner. In particular, research ethics committees struggled with requests to fast-track pandemic research because of increased workloads, new remote workflows, uncertainty regarding the risks and benefits of COVID-19 research, a lack of resources and training, and study and review duplication. At the same time, editors and publishers were inundated with research paper submissions, which tripled for some journals. Again, fast-tracking measures were attempted in the face of major difficulties, e.g. a lack of reviewers, especially for medical journals, and publishing staff who were themselves affected by the pandemic.</span> </br></br>Click [https://prepared-project.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Guidance-for-fair-and-fast-desk-assessment.pdf here] to open the guideline.</br>[[File:Https---prepared-project.eu-wp-content-uploads-2024-03-Guidance-for-fair-and-fast-desk-assessment.pdf.png|left|[https://prepared-project.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Guidance-for-fair-and-fast-desk-assessment.pdf Guidance-for-fair-and-fast-desk-assessment.pdf]]][[File:Https---prepared-project.eu-wp-content-uploads-2024-03-Guidance-for-fair-and-fast-desk-assessment.pdf.png|left|[https://prepared-project.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Guidance-for-fair-and-fast-desk-assessment.pdf Guidance-for-fair-and-fast-desk-assessment.pdf]]])
Responsible use of AI in peer review + (<span lang="EN-GB">Peer review is es … <span lang="EN-GB">Peer review is essential for ensuring the quality, integrity, and trustworthiness of scholarly publications. While AI could streamline parts of the process (by flagging errors, checking consistency, or summarizing content), it also poses serious risks. AI-generated review comments can be biased, incorrect, or misleading (“hallucinations”), undermining the review’s reliability. Crucially, peer review relies on confidentiality and human judgment. Uploading unpublished manuscripts to public AI systems can breach privacy and confidentiality agreements, a concern so grave that agencies like the NIH and the American Chemical Society explicitly forbid it. In response, leading institutions have imposed restrictions: for example, the NIH and Australian Research Council now prohibit reviewers from using generative AI in grant reviews, and many journals have introduced policies banning or limiting AI in peer review. These measures underline that the responsible use of AI is crucial to maintain trust and fairness in the peer review system.</span>t and fairness in the peer review system.</span>)
Consent and assent in research on children + (<span lang="EN-GB">Providing assent … <span lang="EN-GB">Providing assent alongside consent in research involving children is essential for several reasons.</span></br></br><span lang="EN-GB">Assent protects participants' rights by ensuring that the child's views are acknowledged and respected, even though the child is not legally able to give fully informed consent.</span> </br></br><span lang="EN-GB">Upholding the principles of consent and assent is essential for conducting research ethically, honoring both autonomy and dignity.</span></br></br><span lang="EN-GB">Applying these principles ensures that all parties involved in the research are adequately informed and that the interests of all participants, especially when dealing with vulnerable groups such as children, are protected.</span>pecially when dealing with vulnerable groups such as children, are protected.</span>)
The Rise of Octopus Affiliation: Navigating Multiple Institutional Associations in Academic Publishing + (<span lang="HR">It is understandable … <span lang="HR">It is understandable that some authors are connected to one, two or three institutions at the same time. However, some authors are affiliated with as many as 6 or more institutions simultaneously. Such multiple and simultaneous connections can be depicted as an octopus that sets each of its legs in a different direction. The question arises whether multiple affiliations are only a way to strengthen the academic rank of the respective institutions;how the author can fulfill work duties in 5-6 different institutions, especially when they are quite far from each other or even in other countries;how valid and reliable is the system based on octopus affiliations;can the financial support of an institution be an objective reason for citing for affiliation;how ethical and professional is it for individuals to occupy different jobs at different institutions, while others with similar competences are unemployed, etc (1).</span></br></br><span lang="HR">It is possible that the phenomenon of octopus affiliations is just one of the many undesirable consequences of academic evaluation and a system that places the greatest emphasis on increasing the rank of individual institutions in order to secure future funding and maintain their status and prestige, which ultimately backfires on the authors (1). It could also be a symptom of a lack of institutional support for authors, which "forces" them to look for resources in other institutions (3).</span>them to look for resources in other institutions (3).</span>)
Valuing Voices Tool + (==== Why use it? ==== * Improve your know … ==== Why use it? ====</br></br>* Improve your knowledge and application of equitable and responsible research practices</br>* Develop strong, comprehensive and deliverable research plans</br>* Articulate and evidence your research plans to funders</br>* Expand the real world impact of your researchand the real world impact of your research)
UK Research Council's Policy and Guidelines on Governance of Good Research Conduct + (A commitment to good research conduct lies at the heart of an effective research system. High standards of research integrity underpin the quality and reliability of the research outcomes generated and of decisions made in the light of those outcomes.)
Importance of healthy lifestyle + (A healthy lifestyle is crucial since these … A healthy lifestyle is crucial since these young people will govern countries, work in vital social areas, and care for others in the future. They must have a strong character and good mental health in order not to burst under the pressures by environment they live in. We are seeing precisely how much health is valued today vs how much we took it for granted prior to the Corona crisis. [https://www.keephealthyliving.com/what-is-the-importance-of-living-a-healthy-lifestyle.html] The role of balanced nutrition in maintaining mental health and cognitive performance remains markedly underrecognised in academic environments, despite being a core component of a healthy lifestyle alongside physical activity. Evidence consistently shows that high-quality dietary patterns are associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms and better overall psychological functioning, whereas deficiencies in nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, B-group vitamins and vitamin D are linked to fatigue, impaired concentration, low mood and reduced stress resilience. For young researchers, whose work depends on sustained attention, emotional regulation and productivity, neglecting adequate nutrition may therefore contribute to decreased wellbeing, poorer sleep quality and diminished academic performance. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30254236/]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30254236/])
Collaborative working + (A lot of scientific work happens through c … A lot of scientific work happens through collaboration. Yet, collaborations can also lead to conflict when there is lack of clarity about the roles of different collaborators, or when expectations are not met.</br></br>Collaborative work has become more important over the past few decades, partially due to the rise of interdisciplinary research. The number of co-authors on a paper is a potential indifcatar for the rise of collaborations, with the average number of co-authors on research papers for the PNAS rose from 3.9 in 1981 to 8.4 in 2001. '"`UNIQ--ref-00000003-QINU`"' </br>'"`UNIQ--references-00000004-QINU`"'U`"' '"`UNIQ--references-00000004-QINU`"')
Montreal Statement on Research Integrity in Cross-Boundary Research Collaborations + (A lot of scientific work happens through c … A lot of scientific work happens through collaboration. Yet, collaborations can also lead to conflict when there is lack of clarity about the roles of different collaborators, or when expectations are not met. Collaborative work has become more important over the past few decades, partially due to the rise of interdisciplinary research. For instance, the average number of co-authors on research papers for the PNAS rose from 3.9 in 1981 to 8.4 in 2001'"`UNIQ--ref-00000002-QINU`"' .'"`UNIQ--references-00000003-QINU`"'U`"' .'"`UNIQ--references-00000003-QINU`"')
Governance of research integrity: Options for a coordinated approach in Europe + (A number of national and institutional gui … A number of national and institutional guidelines, frameworks and codes for research integrity have been developed in many European countries, and the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity sets out common principles for those documents. But the handling of cases of research misconduct is mostly under the responsibility of research institutions, which vary in their capacity and willingness to do that. The main obstacles in the handling of research misconduct at the level of institutional committees are conflicts of interest, fear of reputational damage, lack of time due to the voluntary nature of the task, and lack of expertise. Investigation committees in national bodies have the advantage that they are more distant from local researchers, so the risk of conflicts of interest is lower. However, they exist only in a couple of countries. The effect is that not all misconduct is addressed, and the level of thoroughness and objectivity of investigations is inconsistent across Europe.estigations is inconsistent across Europe.)
Criminologist to have four papers retracted following months of scrutiny + (A recent review'"`UNIQ--ref-00000000-QINU` … A recent review'"`UNIQ--ref-00000000-QINU`"' has found that published cases of research ethics violations in Social Sciences and Humanities disciplines constitute a very small percentage (4.3% and 1.3% respectively). It is important to flag examples of ethics misconduct in disciplines like Law.ethics misconduct in disciplines like Law.)
Geology Paper Has a Rocky Road is Now Retracted + (A scientific publication should always con … A scientific publication should always contain one’s own original work, unless clearly stated otherwise. If this is not the case, it would be very difficult to distinguish work that is deliberately plagiarized from original work. Plagiarism allows individuals to claim reward for the work of the original authors. Therefore, these practices should be punished and penalized.ractices should be punished and penalized.)
Charter for the Protection and Management of the Archaeological Heritage + (A series of 9 articles provide a set of gu … A series of 9 articles provide a set of guidelines on a variety of topics related to archaeological heritage to ensure its protection and management. Among others, the charter focuses on protection policies, legislation and economy, surveys, investigation, maintenance and conservation, reconstruction and presentation, information, professional qualifications, and international cooperation. Besides, the charter has been endorsed by the European Association of Archaeologists in their Code of Practice. Archaeologists in their Code of Practice.)
Authorship criteria + (A successful career for researchers is oft … A successful career for researchers is often equivalent to the production and acceptance of peer-reviewed manuscripts. In fact, the number of publications a researcher has is commonly used as a parameter for career progression or funding acquisition.</br></br>Authorship matters because the entire research and publication process relies on trust. Authorship conveys significant privileges, responsibilities, and legal rights, and it is fair that only those who have actively participated in the work should benefit from the positive aspects of being an author and being accountable for all aspects of the research.</br></br>Although the general guidelines on authorship are common sense, the pressure to be a productive scholar and problems resulting from different interpretations of the general guidelines have encouraged a number of questionable research practices. These include honorary authorship, gift authorship, prestige authorship, plagiarism, self-plagiarism, citation amnesia, multiple submissions and duplicate publication.ple submissions and duplicate publication.)
Conflicts of Interest (CSIC, Spain) + (A variety of situations can lead to confli … A variety of situations can lead to conflicts of interests within the CSIC, such as research-related collaborations and consultations, evaluations, training, publication, financial support provision and knowledge transfer activities. It is important for individual researchers and for research teams to be aware of these potential conflicts in order to avoid them. In addition, institutions should also have structures and systems in place to handle conflicts of interest. This document sets a framework for institutional measures.ts a framework for institutional measures.)
Orta Yol + (AD’ye ilişkin çeşitli davranış kodları ya … AD’ye ilişkin çeşitli davranış kodları ya da kılavuzlarda, araştırmacıların “dürüstlük”, “güvenilirlik”, “sorumluluk” ve “hesap verebilirlik” gibi belirli erdemleri haiz olması ve bu erdemlere uygun biçimde davranması beklenmektedir.<sup>[1]</sup> Bu erdemler, araştırmacılara, araştırma doğruluğu ile ilgili ahlaki sorunlarla karşılaştıklarında doğruluk içinde hareket etmeleri konusunda rehberlik etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Peki, mesela “dürüstlük” erdeminin hakkını en iyi verecek davranış nedir? Dahası, bir araştırmacının gereğinden fazla dürüst olması ya da çok az dürüst olması diye bir şey mümkün müdür? Dürüstlük örneği üzerinden gidilecek olursa: belirli bir kişi için belirli bir bağlamda, dürüst olmanın doğru yolu nedir?</br></br>Bu alıştırmanın amacı, bir eğitmen olarak sizi, katılımcılarınızın erdemli davranış sergilemenin ne anlama geldiğine ilişkin eleştirel ve müşterek bir sorgulama yürütmesine yardımcı olabilmeniz için eğitmektir.lama yürütmesine yardımcı olabilmeniz için eğitmektir.)
Orta Yol + (AD’ye ilişkin çeşitli davranış kodları ya … AD’ye ilişkin çeşitli davranış kodları ya da kılavuzlara göre, araştırmacıların “dürüstlük”, “güvenilirlik”, “sorumluluk” ve “hesap verebilirlik” gibi belirli erdemleri haiz olması ve bu erdemlere uygun biçimde davranması beklenmektedir. Peki, mesela “dürüstlük” erdeminin hakkını verecek davranış nedir? Benim bir araştırmacı olarak gereğinden fazla dürüst olmam ya da çok az dürüst olmam diye bir şey mümkün müdür? Bu alıştırmanın amacı, araştırma doğruluğu ile ilgili çetrefilli bir durumda erdemli davranış sergilemenin ne anlama geldiğine ilişkin eleştirel ve müşterek bir sorgulamayı teşvik etmektir. müşterek bir sorgulamayı teşvik etmektir.)
AI Generated Content + (AI generated content presents important qu … AI generated content presents important questions for conceptions of integrity in research and authorship, because they create a grey area when deciding attribution. AI tools like Chat GPT are already capable of producing student essays that are indistinguishable from those written by students, and these developments have led to calls for a reevaluation of the role of writing in assessment.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000006-QINU`"' These tools are also being used by researchers in the production of research, and have been credited with formal authorship in several articles.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000007-QINU`"' Policy-makers have already sought expert advice on how science should accommodate these changes. '"`UNIQ--ref-00000008-QINU`"'</br></br>This is a developing issue, and raises questions about attribution and authorship for which there are not yet clear answers. ''Nature'' recently issued a new policy about the ethical use of LLM tools like Chat GPT, arguing that these tools will not be credited with authorship on future research papers as they cannot take accountability for the research that they produce. '"`UNIQ--ref-00000009-QINU`"' This is just one policy though, and there are not yet clear guidelines on what the best practices are for research produced using these tools. The Chief Scientific Advisors to the European Commission have highlighted the ability of AI tools to generate and spread fraudulent content at scale as posing a significant risk to scientific communication, and have emphasised the need for greater AI literacy and competency in researchers to deal with these challenges.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000000A-QINU`"' </br></br>The use of these tools also raise further questions about the notion of plagiarism. For example, an LLM might be used to produce an outline for the structure rather than the content of an article. If a researcher then makes use of this structure without admitting to having used an LLM, would that constitute plagiarism? And if the answer to this question is yes, then how should we accommodate the fact that many researchers effectively do the same thing - using existing research produced by others as structural inspiration for their own work - without attribution? These are questions for which we do not yet have clear answers with widespread agreement.</br>'"`UNIQ--references-0000000B-QINU`"'ment. '"`UNIQ--references-0000000B-QINU`"')
APEC Guiding Principles for Research Integrity (2022) + (APEC Guiding Principles for Research Integ … APEC Guiding Principles for Research Integrity distils international expectations for research integrity in Asia Pacific and clarifies what researchers and institutions in Asia Pacific need to do to comply. It reduces ambiguity, aligns local practice with international norms, and offers actionable steps that improve transparency, reproducibility, and equitable access. For policy leads, it is a benchmark;for authors and administrators, it is a practical checklist. Published by nan in 2022, it is a credible reference to cite in institutional policies, training, and grant documentation.licies, training, and grant documentation.)
Asia Pacific APEC Guiding Principles for Research Integrity 2022 + (APEC Guiding Principles for Research Integ … APEC Guiding Principles for Research Integrity' is important because it ensures credibility and trust in research by providing both preventive and corrective guidance. It prevents misconduct by educating researchers on standards, and offers frameworks for addressing violations fairly. In today’s interconnected research environment, having shared ethical codes strengthens international collaboration and consistency. For governments, institutions, and the public, this document demonstrates commitment to transparency, fairness, and societal responsibility. It is not just a guideline but a foundation for safeguarding the reliability of research outcomes.ding the reliability of research outcomes.)
Implications of a Single Highly Cited Article on a Journal and Its Citation Indexes + (Academic journals, similarly to academic i … Academic journals, similarly to academic institutions and individual researchers, strive for recognition, esteem and resources. This case is important because it provides an explanation of how, despite the similarities of these two incidents (in both case A & B, the journals dramatically improved their JIF as a result of a single published article), there were two very different outcomes (in case A, the journal was revoked for the following year, whilst in case B, there were no adverse consequences for the journal). To quote the paper’s stated importance of the case, these two incidents indicate the ‘possible ﬂaws in the citation indexes and the review process’ (p.100-1)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000001-QINU`"'.</br></br>The paper discusses individuals’ and institutions’ motivations for publishing but also the dangers of the pressures to publish. Furthermore, it considers the value, but also the flaws, of the citation index systems. Finally, it provides some examples of good editorial practices and recommendations for responding to such flaws.</br>----<br /></br>----<br />esponding to such flaws. ----<br /> ----<br />)
Responsible supervision + (Academic research has a long tradition of … Academic research has a long tradition of master-apprentice relationships, where the apprentice (here: junior researcher) learns the fine skills of the trade (here: research) through the extensive supervision of a master (here: senior researcher). The more one grows in an academic career, the more likely a researcher is to supervise junior researchers (often PhD candidates).</br></br>Responsible supervision involves two main things. On the one hand, the supervisor should model responsible research, so that junior researchers are naturally socialized into responsible research practices. This could involve a variety of things: from assuring that the junior researcher is involved in good data management from the start of the project, to an open and timely conversation about (co-) authorship.</br></br>On the other hand, responsible supervision involves creating a safe learning climate for junior researchers to learn. The idea here is that if the learning climate is not safe, junior researchers may lack the space and confidence to share their concerns about the interpretation of the data, the planning of a particular research project, or the limitations of their capacity. Hence, if no safe professional relationship exists, certain doubts, concerns or limitations may remain under the radar, ultimately slowing down academic research.ultimately slowing down academic research.)
The Middle Position + (According to various research integrity co … According to various research integrity codes of conduct or guidelines, researchers are expected to possess and to behave according to specific virtues or principles by being: ‘honest’, ‘reliable’, ‘responsible’ and ‘accountable’<sup>1</sup>. These are intended to guide researchers to act with integrity when they are confronted with moral issues in research practice. But how should a person behave to uphold the virtue of ‘honesty’ in specific situations? Can a researcher be too honest? Or not honest enough? Following the example of honesty, what is, for a specific person in a specific context, the right way to be honest?</br></br>This exercise aims to train you, as a trainer, to foster a critical and joint moral inquiry among the trainees into what it means to demonstrate virtuous behaviors. into what it means to demonstrate virtuous behaviors.)
The Middle Position + (According to various research integrity co … According to various research integrity codes of conduct or guidelines, researchers are expected to possess and to behave according to specific principles or virtues such as: ‘honesty’, ‘reliability’, ‘responsibility’ and ‘accountability’'"`UNIQ--ref-00000003-QINU`"'. But how should a person behave to uphold the virtue of ‘honesty’ in specific situations? Can a researcher be too honest? Or not honest enough? This exercise aims to foster a critical and joint moral inquiry into what it means to demonstrate virtuous behavior in a challenging research integrity situation.</br>'"`UNIQ--references-00000004-QINU`"'tion. '"`UNIQ--references-00000004-QINU`"')
Criticism Swirls Around High-Profile History Book about North Korea + (Accuracy in referencing is important for s … Accuracy in referencing is important for several reasons'"`UNIQ--ref-00000000-QINU`"' such as avoiding improper appropriation of others ideas, allowing readers to further research certain topics which might be only briefly touched upon in the text, embedding the text in the relevant literature on the same topic and supporting ones claims on scientific evidence which has been peer reviewed by other researchers. Reflecting on this case, for instance in a classroom setting, can support the understanding good referencing practices and help in avoiding mistakes'"`UNIQ--ref-00000001-QINU`"'.</br>'"`UNIQ--references-00000002-QINU`"'U`"'. '"`UNIQ--references-00000002-QINU`"')
Create and populate an Initiative page for your project! + (Adding an initiative page for your project is one of the quickest and easiest ways to increase the visibility of your outputs (and hard work!) across the Embassy, and to get the most value from the platform.)
Inappropriate study design + (Addressing any question in empirical scien … Addressing any question in empirical sciences implies that there will be some kind of study, which needs to be designed in such fashion that it answers the question in the most unambiguous way. Scientific questions can usually fall into one of these categories: identification of influencing factors (etiology and risk factors), predicting power of those factors (prognosis and prediction), effects of interventions into those factors. To answer these questions, factors that are measured or manipulated must correspond to questions that are asked. Meaning, your outcome measure has to be relevant for your question. Preferably, it should answer your question directly. The design of your study also has to fit the outcome measure. Furthermore, if there are some factors that we are unaware of or others that are known to us but we cannot measure them, then we have to use randomization to reduce their possible influence on things that we want to measure. If you do not address things that are listed above when planning research, you can simply get wrong answers to your questions . '"`UNIQ--ref-00000004-QINU`"'</br>'"`UNIQ--references-00000005-QINU`"'NU`"' '"`UNIQ--references-00000005-QINU`"')
Freedom from Harassment for Scientists is Essential + (Addressing harassment in research is espec … Addressing harassment in research is especially important in fragile settings, where formal protections and oversight may be weak or absent. Researchers, participants, and local collaborators often face heightened risks due to power imbalances, cultural misunderstandings, and stressful working conditions. A clear anti-harassment framework ensures ethical conduct, protects vulnerable individuals, and promotes trust and safety within research teams and communities. It also supports the well-being and professional development of researchers, particularly women and early-career professionals. Prioritizing safety and respect strengthens both the quality and integrity of research outcomes.uality and integrity of research outcomes.)
MedTech Europe Code of Ethical Business Practice + (Adhering to ethical standards is fundament … Adhering to ethical standards is fundamental to ensure a successful outcome for the medical technology industry, the safe and effective use of medical technology, and the advancement of medical technologies. Besides, this code is endorsed by the Biomedical Alliance in Europe in their Code of Conduct.liance in Europe in their Code of Conduct.)
European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP) Code of Conduct + (Adopted in 2012, this code of conduct outline general principles of scientific research and clinical practice for those who participate in the activities of the ECNP.)