Maintenance:ExportResources
From The Embassy of Good Science
| Type | What is this about? | Why is this important? | For whom is this important? | Link | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "A Little Thing Like Plagiarism" | Cases | An anthropologist finds their work has been plagiarised. The University Press claimed that while there had been plagiarism there had been no copyright infringement. | Academic staff Anthropologists Journal editors Journal publishers Publishers | https://www.americananthro.org/LearnAndTeach/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=12938 | |
| "Hot" Gifts | Cases | A researcher in an urban ghetto is offered some stolen goods as a gift. Accepting or not accepting the goods has implications for the researcher's integration into the community she is studying. She accepts the stolen clothes but not the record player. | Researchers Ethnographers | https://www.americananthro.org/LearnAndTeach/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=12926 | |
| "Why should I acknowledge writing assistance if I have paid for it?" A case study | Cases | A researcher used the help of a professional writer to write a research paper. Since she paid for the service, she did not plan to disclose the contribution after the first draft was finished. Her unwillingness to acknowledge the contribution made the company providing the service threaten her that the writer would not finish writing the paper. She changed her mind only when the editor of the journal where she had intended to submit her paper responded that even paid writing assistance should be acknowledged. | Researchers | https://www.editage.com/insights/why-should-i-acknowledge-writing-assistance-if-i-have-paid-for-it-a-case-study | |
| 'Climate Skeptic' Journal Shuttered Following 'Malpractice' in 'Nepotistic' Reviewer Selections | Cases | This is a factual case. The journal Pattern Recognition in Physics (PRP) was started by Copernicus Publications in March 2013. After publishing a special issue on “Pattern in solar variability, their planetary origin and terrestrial impacts” was published a series of concerns about the selection of referees (nepotism) were raised. This resulted in Copernicus Publications shutting down the journal. | Open, transparent, and fair reviewer selection is challenging.
There is a problem of polarized research. '"`UNIQ--ref-000002C5-QINU`""`UNIQ--ref-000002C6-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--references-000002C7-QINU`"' | Researchers Doctoral students Editors | https://retractionwatch.com/2014/01/17/climate-skeptic-journal-shuttered-following-malpractice-in-nepotistic-reviewer-selections/ |
| 'I am really sorry': Peer Reviewer Stole Text for Own Paper | Cases | This factual case describes an instance of plagiarism by a peer reviewer. The peer reviewer had sent the unpublished manuscript to a colleague with whom he was writing a review. Portions of text from the manuscript under review ended up in the published review written by the peer reviewer and his colleague. The review was retracted, and the peer reviewer apologized. | Peer reviewing is essential to maintaining the integrity of academic literature. Importantly, authors who submit a manuscript for peer review should be able to trust that their manuscripts will not be used for any purpose other than the peer review itself, unless they have given explicit permission for this. | Researchers Peer reviewers Reviewers | https://retractionwatch.com/2016/03/14/i-am-really-sorry-peer-reviewer-stole-text-for-own-paper/ |
| 10 Things for Curating Reproducible and FAIR Research | Guidelines | "10 Things for Curating Reproducible and FAIR Research" describes the key issues of curating reproducible and FAIR research (CURE-FAIR). It lists standards-based guidelines for ten practices, focusing primarily on research compendia produced by quantitative data-driven social science. | Offers a framework for implementing effective curation workflows for achieving greater FAIR-ness and long-term usability of research data and code. Adoption of the guidelines for curating reproducible and FAIR research will improve the prospects for a reproducible scholarly record. | Academic institutions publishers Funding agencies Researchers | https://doi.org/10.15497/RDA00074 |
| 3 Ways to Blow the Whistle | Cases | This article introduces three whistle-blowers and describes their journey in blowing a whistle.
| It describes different strategies that may be used for whistle-blowing and highlights the fact that not every suspicion is always worthy of exposure. | Researchers Research Integrity Officers | https://www.nature.com/news/research-ethics-3-ways-to-blow-the-whistle-1.14226 |
| 3 things societies can do to promote research integrity | Education | In this podcast, produced by Wiley, Brian Nosek gives three insights into what researchers and the research community can do to "close the gaps between research values and practice". | All stakeholders in research | https://www.wiley.com/network/societyleaders/publishing-strategy/3-things-societies-can-do-to-promote-research-integrity | |
| A 24-year-old sociology paper found to have plagiarised a 1975 article | Cases | This blog post is about the retraction of a 24-year-old paper that had plagiarised a 1975 article. At the time of retraction, the author held an executive position in the private education sector in Southern Africa. | It shows that using plagiarism-detection software to check books and articles published in the past might result in the discovery of plagiarised items. | Journal editors Researchers | https://retractionwatch.com/2013/08/12/24-year-old-retraction-of-sociology-paper-for-plagiarism-of-a-1975-article/ |
| A Case Series in Publication Ethics: Copyright Violation | Cases | A researcher sought to include a figure from a textbook in his manuscript for a forthcoming submission. Their colleague recommended asking permission to reproduce the figure from the publisher of the book. The researcher emailed the publisher and permission was granted without any charge. | Copyright violation is a common form of misconduct in countries that do not observe copyright law. | Researchers Research Ethics Committees Research Integrity Officers Publishers | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586923/ |
| A Case Series in Publication Ethics: Data Fabrication | Cases | A junior researcher published an article. A senior researcher of the organisation read the article and noticed the striking resemblance of the article topic with one of his accepted research projects, which was still in ongoing. They asked the junior researcher for their raw data. The junior researcher was unable to provide the data. Finally, they admitted to fabricating the data. | Data fabrication is a serious act of misconduct, which usually goes unnoticed. | Researchers Research Ethics Committees Research Integrity Officers | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586923/ |
| A Case Series in Publication Ethics: Disputes in Authorship (1) | Cases | A postgraduate medical student at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Mashhad, Iran) complained to the vice chancellor of research that they had not been included in the authors list of an article, which used results from her thesis. The senior researcher involved in her thesis claimed that she has forgotten to include the student as an author. | Researchers Research Ethics Committees Research Integrity Officers Editors Journal editors | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586923/ | |
| A Case Series in Publication Ethics: Disputes in Authorship (2) | Cases | A researcher at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Mashhad, Iran) included a senior researcher of another department in the authors list of their article. Although the senior researcher was not aware of their inclusion, he thanked the researcher upon receiving a copy of the published article. | Researchers Editors Journal editors Research Ethics Committees Research Integrity Officers | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586923/ | |
| A Case Series in Publication Ethics: Editorial Misconduct | Cases | Upon acceptance of a manuscript prepared by a researcher, the editor-in-chief of the journal asked the researcher to add an article published in their journal to the reference list. The researcher agreed to the request. | This is a case of editorial misconduct with the main aim of increasing impact factor. | Researchers Editors Journal editors Research Ethics Committees Research Integrity Officers | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586923/ |
| A Case Series in Publication Ethics: Multiple Submissions (1) | Cases | A researcher submitted a manuscript to two journals simultaneously. The decision of the editorial boards of both journals was to accept the article with minor revisions. The researcher emailed the editor in-chief of one of the journals and withdrew her submission. The article was published in the other journal. | Researchers Editors Journal editors Research Ethics Committees Research Integrity Officers | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586923/ | |
| A Case Series in Publication Ethics: Multiple Submissions (2) | Cases | A researcher submitted a manuscript to a journal. After a couple of months of not hearing from the editorial board, they re-submitted the manuscript to another journal. A day after re-submission, they received an email from the first journal that their article was going to be accepted after minor revisions. They withdrew the re-submission from the second journal. | Researchers Research Ethics Committees Research Integrity Officers Editors Journal editors | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586923/ | |
| A Case Series in Publication Ethics: Redundant Publication | Cases | A researcher had previously published an article in his native language. They prepared another article in English and submitted it to another journal. The manuscript was accepted for publication. However, the editor in-chief of the English journal managed to find out about the first article and asked the author to clarify the issue. The researcher asked for permission from the first journal to publish the article in English in another journal. Permission was granted. The article was published in English. | Researchers Research Ethics Committees Research Integrity Officers Editors Journal editors | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586923/ | |
| A Case Study about Anonymization and Secondary Use of Qualitative Data | Cases | This case study describes how secondary qualitative data can be used and how the data can be anonymized. One issue arising from anonymisation of qualitative data is losing important contextual information. Ethical, practical and theoretical questions emerge when delving into the issue of anonymization of qualitative data for secondary use. In addition, the study describes some strengths and weaknesses of anonymization policies. '"`UNIQ--references-000001C0-QINU`"' | The four central questions the researchers pose in the study are:
| All stakeholders in research PhD students Junior researchers Supervisors Administrators | http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/511/1102 |
| A Data Governance Framework for Ethnography | Guidelines | This is a resource for various stakeholders (scholars, funders, regulators, and ethics board) who are interested in how research in ethnography complies with the current requirements on data protection (GDPR) and open science. | This document is a guide for regulatory compliance in ethnography. Ethnography is a pillar of social-scientific research, and it is important to provide stakeholders with guidelines on how ethnographic research complies with current regulations. As a result, this document can help stakeholders to create their own data regulation plans and instruct them on the ethical compliance of ethnographic research. | Research Ethics Committees Data protection officers Funders Regulators Academic staff | https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/172227/3/data%20governance%20framework%20181115.pdf |
| A Famous Honesty Researcher Is Retracting A Study Over Fake Data | Cases | Renowned psychologist Dan Ariely literally wrote the book on dishonesty. Now some are questioning whether the scientist himself is being dishonest. A landmark study that endorsed a simple way to curb cheating is going to be retracted nearly a decade later after a group of scientists found that it relied on faked data. According to the 2012 paper, when people signed an honesty declaration at the beginning of a form, rather than the end, they were less likely to lie. A seemingly cheap and effective method to fight fraud, it was adopted by at least one insurance company, tested by government agencies around the world, and taught to corporate executives. It made a splash among academics, who cited it in their own research more than 400 times. | Academic institutions Peer-reviewers Research Integrity Officers | https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/stephaniemlee/dan-ariely-honesty-study-retraction#:~:text=A%20landmark%20study,than%20400%20times. | |
| A Guide to Internet Research Ethics (NESH, Norway) | Guidelines | This guideline, published by the National Committee for Research Ethics in the Social Sciences and the Humanities (NESH), is meant to supplement the Ethical guidelines for research in the social sciences, humanities, law and theology (alo published by NESH. It is important because it pertains specifically to internet research, the use of which is growing in the social sciences and humanities. | Since technological advances are occurring at a fast pace, research is also being conducted through media such as the internet. Besides the technical aspects being relatively new, the ethical tensions underlying such research are also relatively unfamiliar. For instance, how does consent for internet research differ from the traditional informed consent? How do we ensure that data is shared in a fair way? How can the privacy of participants be protected? This document delves into many ethical gray areas ad offers practical advice on navigating them. As such, it is of immense practical value to researchers in Norway and around the world. | Research institutions Researchers | https://www.forskningsetikk.no/en/guidelines/social-sciences-humanities-law-and-theology/a-guide-to-internet-research-ethics/ |
| A Guidebook for Teaching Selected RCR Topics to Culturally Diverse Trainee Groups | Education | This guidebook is intended for teaching specific topics on responsible conduct of research (RCR) to a trainee group with different cultural backgrounds. The aim is to address the training needs of the large group of international postdocs. Materials presented in this guidebook could also serve as model content for RCR instruction of international trainees. | Trainers | https://ori.hhs.gov/images/ddblock/Alexander.RCR%20Guidebook.BW_.pdf | |
| A Japanese developmental biology center, scientific misconduct and suicide | Cases | In 2014 in a stemcell research institute in Japan a research misconduct case came to light. The case was excessively covered by the media, with the media not only portraying the accused scientists as perpetrators, but criticizing the entire research centre. One of the members of the research centre committed suicide, causing upheaval in the Japanese research scene. As the case describes, the damage of the scientific misonconduct reaches far beyond the misconduct itself. | Scientific misconduct cases should be dealt with carefully, with appropriate protections in place for those that did not commit the misconduct. The 'side effects' of misconduct, including reputational damage, should be minimized or restored when a person or institute has been inaccurately accsued of misconduct. | Researchers Early career researchers PhD students Research performing organisations Research funding organisations Media | https://www.nature.com/news/collateral-damage-how-one-misconduct-case-brought-a-biology-institute-to-its-knees-1.17427 |
| A Letter of "Non-Recommendation" | Education | A supervisor writes an unsolicited and critical recommendation letter behind the back of his postdoc researcher who had not informed him of his application. The letter sketches a negative picture of the applicant. | Researchers | https://www.ctspedia.org/do/view/ResearchEthics/EthicsCaseStudy086 | |
| A Letter of Resignation | Cases | A case study appearing in a blog site that posts on sexual misconduct in higher education. Sexual demands, bullying, coercion, harassment and a long list of similar behaviours are less frequently reported as misconduct in research ethics; but do these behaviours comply with the ECCRI'"`UNIQ--ref-0000052E-QINU`"s principle of respect for colleagues? or, with the good research practices of safeguards and collaborative working? '"`UNIQ--references-0000052F-QINU`"' | This case is one of several examples - presented in this blog site - on how sexual misconduct can violate the ECCRI's principles and good practices in work spaces of academia. | Academic staff Women in academia | https://1752group.com/a-letter-of-resignation/ |
| A Medical Ghostwriter’s Personal View | Cases | This is a factual anonymized case about a person who worked as a medical writer for almost 11 years. During this time she has written a variety of texts including the occasional ghostwritten article. In the article she describes her experience, motivation and her views about the problem of fraud in authorship. | This is a real case which might be useful for discussions on ghost authorship. | Researchers PhD Students Research integrity trainers medical researchers | https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001071 |
| A New Challenge to Research Ethics: Patients-Led Research (PLR) and the Role of Internet Based Social Networks | Education | This article addresses a new model of clinical research - Participants-Led Research (PLR). It also identifies ethical, legal and social issues as well as relevant concepts that may help solve them. | Researchers | http://ebooks.iospress.nl/publication/42593 | |
| A Plagiarism Adventure (Et Plagieringseventyr) | Education | Using the theme of Charles Dickens' "Christmas Carol," this amusing Norwegian video with English subtitles presents consequences of plagiarism. | Early career researchers PhD Students | https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=Mwbw9KF-ACY | |
| A Reflection on Fraud and Misconduct in Biomedical Research | Cases | This is a factual anonymised case focused on the practice of Gift Authorship. | Researchers Editors Journal editors Research Ethics Committees Research Integrity Officers | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03256779 | |
| A Review of the Impact of the TeGenero Trial on the Design, Conduct, and Ethics of FIM Trials | Cases | This factual case details a so-called ‘First-in-man’ (FIM) clinical trial that seriously harmed the six participants who received the drug under investigation. The report discusses the consequences of the disastrous trial for later FIM trials. The article considers the scientific consequences, such as the procedure to determine the acceptable dose of the drug, and reviews the ethical dimensions of FIM trials, like potential monetary compensation for the risks the participants take. '"`UNIQ--references-000001A8-QINU`"' | The health of the participants should be the top priority in clinical trials, especially in FIM trials where drugs are tested that potentially pose a high risk to the health of the participants. The case discussed here shows that even when the trial is reviewed and approved by ethical boards, it can end disastrously for the trial participants. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to review the errors made and learn lessons from tragic cases such as the one discussed here. The overview presented by the current article may help us to do so. '"`UNIQ--references-000001A9-QINU`"' | Researchers Research Ethics Committees | https://journals.lww.com/americantherapeutics/Abstract/2007/11000/First_in_Man__FIM__Clinical_Trials_Post_TeGenero_.20.aspx |
| A Short Guide to the Digital Humanities | Guidelines | This short guide explains the basic concepts regarding digital humanities and the role of academic institutions in this matter. It also describes the skills and competences needed for doing digital humanities work as well as learning outcomes for digital humanities. | Researchers Students Academic institutions | https://jeffreyschnapp.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/D_H_ShortGuide.pdf | |
| A Survey of Doctoral Education in Communication Research Ethics | Education | This study examines the status of Ph.D. communication education in research ethics. The findings show that no Ph.D. communication program has a course specifically dedicated to communication research ethics. | Researchers Trainers | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01463379009369764 | |
| A University of Liverpool investigation determined that a former researcher there fabricated his data | Cases | In 2017 a promising young liver specialist, was found to have fabricated spectroscopic findings. Several retractions followed the investigation.'"`UNIQ--ref-000002F5-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--references-000002F6-QINU`"' | Revealing, investigating, reporting, and following up fraud can be resource consuming. | Researchers PhD students | https://news.liverpool.ac.uk/2018/07/06/research-misconduct-update/ |
| A bibliometric analysis of an international research ethics trainee program | Education | This study provides information on evaluation of the citations related to publications by trainees in the Fogarty International Center's International Research Ethics Education and Curriculum Development program. The authors analyzed 328 papers published between 2004 and 2008. The results show that the number of citations per paper is 3, 12.6% of papers were cited more than 10 times and the h-index is 22. | Trainees | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1525/jer.2013.8.5.75?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3Dpubmed& | |
| A bullshit excuse? My lab notebook “was blown into a manure pit” | Cases | Retraction Watch presents the case of a researcher who failed to declare conflicts of interest in his research; he has also allegedly fabricated and falsified data on his research to reach certain conclusions. | Research institutions industry stakeholders | https://retractionwatch.com/2016/01/05/a-new-excuse-for-data-fabrication-my-notebook-blew-into-a-manure-pit/ | |
| A comparison of online versus on-site training in health research methodology: a randomized study | Education | In this randomized study, authors measured Biostatistics and Research Ethics online course knowledge, compared to traditional on-site training of the same course. Online and on-site training formats led to marked and similar improvements of knowledge in Biostatistics and Research Ethics. | All stakeholders in research | https://bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1472-6920-11-37 | |
| A framework for assessing the quality of democratic deliberation: enhancing deliberation as a tool for bioethic | Education | This study offers a framework to a democratic deliberation (DD) project regarding surrogate consent for dementia research. The authors concluded that participants learned and used new information, were collaborative and satisfied with the study. The participants also provided societal policy recommendations with regard to surrogate consent. | Researchers | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3336203/ | |
| A guidebook for teaching selected responsible conduct of research topics to a culturally diverse trainee group | Education | The aim of this textbook from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia was to address the training needs of a large group of international postdocs regarding the RCR. The textbook contains a summary of different themes related to RCR, a script to facilitate small group discussions and teaching materials for topics regarding data management, intellectual property and research misconduct.
| All stakeholders in research | https://ori.hhs.gov/images/ddblock/Alexander.RCR%20Guidebook.BW_.pdf | |
| A meta-analysis of studies of publication misrepresentation by applicants to residency and fellowship programs | Education | This study evaluates percentages of applicants to residency and fellowship programs that have publication misrepresentation reported in the literature. Most misrepresentations regard listing nonexistent articles, errors in authorship order and non-authorship. The study shows that misrepresentation decreases when uniform inclusion criteria are applied. | Postgraduate students | https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/2010/09000/A_Meta_Analysis_of_Studies_of_Publication.18.aspx | |
| A proposal for a model of informed consent for the collection, storage and use of biological materials for research purposes | Education | This article suggests a model of informed consent intended for the collection, storage and use of biological materials in local biobanks for health research purposes. The model can serve as a useful guideline for the development of specific consent forms that can be used by researchers. | Researchers | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18243633/ | |
| A qualitative approach to Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) training development: identification of metacognitive strategies | Education | This article discusses qualitative approach to RCR training development, based on a sensemaking model. It identifies nine metacognitive reasoning strategies for future development of RCR training. | Researchers Trainers | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11948-007-9035-4 | |
| A scoping review of competencies for scientific editors of biomedical journals. | Education | The authors of this study conducted a scoping review to explore the competency requirements for editors of biomedical journals. They informed that this was the first step to develop a set of core competences for editors of biomedical journals. | Journal editors | https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-016-0561-2 | |
| A systematic approach to instruction in research ethics | Education | The study described systematic efforts to develop instructional programs with regard to defining and planning learning needs and environment as well as evaluating learning. The focus of the study was on research ethics. It concluded that a systematic framework to develop instruction in research ethics needs to be applied. | trainers | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08989621.2013.822269?journalCode=gacr20 | |
| A virtue ethics guide to best practices for community-based participatory research | Education | This study presents an overview of virtue ethics theory. It also identifies common ethical problems in community-based participatory research (CBPR). The authors discuss how virtues can be used as a guide in ethical research practice. | Researchers | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20208304/ | |
| AI Ethics and Governance in Practice: AI Fairness in Practice | Education | In 2021, the UK's National AI Strategy recommended that UK Government’s official Public Sector Guidance on AI Ethics and Safety be transformed into a series of practice-based workbooks. The result is the AI Ethics and Governance in Practice Programme. This series of eight workbooks provides end-to-end guidance on how to apply principles of AI ethics and safety to the design, development, deployment, and maintenance of AI systems. It provides public sector organisations with a Process Based Governance (PBG) Framework designed to assist AI project teams in ensuring that the AI technologies they build, procure, or use are ethical, safe, and responsible. This workbook explores how a context-based and society-centred approach to understanding AI Fairness can help project teams better identify, mitigate, and manage the many ways that unfair bias and discrimination can crop up across the AI project workflow. | Reaching consensus on a commonly accepted definition of AI Fairness has long been a central challenge in AI ethics and governance. There is a broad spectrum of views across society on what the concept of fairness means and how it should best be put to practice.
We begin by exploring how, despite the plurality of understandings about the meaning of fairness, priorities of equality and non-discrimination have come to constitute the broadly accepted core of its application as a practical principle. We focus on how these priorities manifest in the form of equal protection from direct and indirect discrimination and from discriminatory harassment. These elements form ethical and legal criteria based upon which instances of unfair bias and discrimination can be identified and mitigated across the AI project workflow. We then take a deeper dive into how the different contexts of the AI project lifecycle give rise to different fairness concerns. This allows us to identify several types of AI Fairness (Data Fairness, Application Fairness, Model Design and Development Fairness, Metric-Based Fairness, System Implementation Fairness, and Ecosystem Fairness) that form the basis of a multi-lens approach to bias identification, mitigation, and management. | Public Sector Civil Service Stakeholders Industry Government | https://www.turing.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2023-12/aieg-ati-fairness_1.pdf |
| AI Ethics and Governance in Practice: An Introduction | Education | In 2021, the UK's National AI Strategy recommended that UK Government’s official Public Sector Guidance on AI Ethics and Safety be transformed into a series of practice-based workbooks. The result is the AI Ethics and Governance in Practice Programme. This series of eight workbooks provides end-to-end guidance on how to apply principles of AI ethics and safety to the design, development, deployment, and maintenance of AI systems. It provides public sector organisations with a Process Based Governance (PBG) Framework designed to assist AI project teams in ensuring that the AI technologies they build, procure, or use are ethical, safe, and responsible. This first workbook provides an introduction to the AI Ethics and Governance in Practice programme and provides an outline of the key components that make up AI systems. | AI systems may have transformative and long-term effects on individuals and society. To manage these impacts responsibly and direct the development of AI systems toward optimal public benefit, considerations of AI ethics and governance must be a first priority. | Everyone Civil Service Civil society organisations Public Sector Government Stak Industry Stakeholders | https://www.turing.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2023-12/aieg-ati-ai-ethics-an-intro_1.pdf |
| AI Sustainability in Practice Part One: Foundations for Sustainable AI Projects | Education | In 2021, the UK's National AI Strategy recommended that UK Government’s official Public Sector Guidance on AI Ethics and Safety be transformed into a series of practice-based workbooks. The result is the AI Ethics and Governance in Practice Programme. This series of eight workbooks provides end-to-end guidance on how to apply principles of AI ethics and safety to the design, development, deployment, and maintenance of AI systems. It provides public sector organisations with a Process Based Governance (PBG) Framework designed to assist AI project teams in ensuring that the AI technologies they build, procure, or use are ethical, safe, and responsible. This workbook is the first in a pair that provides the concepts and tools needed to put AI Sustainability into practice. | Sustainable AI projects are continuously responsive to the transformative effects as well as short-, medium-, and long-term impacts on individuals and society that the design, development, and deployment of AI technologies may have. Projects which centre AI Sustainability ensure that values-led, collaborative, and anticipatory reflection both guide the assessment of potential social and ethical impacts, and steer responsible innovation practices. | Public Sector Government Industry Civil Service Everyone | https://www.turing.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2023-12/aieg-ati-sustainabilitypt-1_0.pdf |
| AI Sustainability in Practice Part Two: Sustainability Throughout the AI Workflow | Education | In 2021, the UK's National AI Strategy recommended that UK Government’s official Public Sector Guidance on AI Ethics and Safety be transformed into a series of practice-based workbooks. The result is the AI Ethics and Governance in Practice Programme. This series of eight workbooks provides end-to-end guidance on how to apply principles of AI ethics and safety to the design, development, deployment, and maintenance of AI systems. It provides public sector organisations with a Process Based Governance (PBG) Framework designed to assist AI project teams in ensuring that the AI technologies they build, procure, or use are ethical, safe, and responsible. This workbook is part two of two workbooks on AI Sustainability in Practice. | The sustainability of AI systems depends on the capacity of project teams to proceed with a continuous sensitivity to their potential real-world impacts and transformative effects. Stakeholder Impact Assessments (SIAs) are governance mechanisms that enable this kind of responsiveness. They are tools that create a procedure for, and a means of documenting, the collaborative evaluation and reflective anticipation of the possible harms and benefits of AI innovation projects. SIAs are not one-off governance actions. They require project teams to pay continuous attention to the dynamic and changing character of AI production and use and to the shifting conditions of the real-world environments in which AI technologies are embedded. | Everyone Government Civil Service Public Sector Industry | https://www.turing.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2023-12/aieg-ati-sustainabilitypt-2_0.pdf |
| ALLEA Permanent Working Group Science and Ethics | Other | ALLEA has been a long-standing voice in the fields of research ethics and research integrity via its Permanent Working Group Science and Ethics, which has covered a wide-range of issues relating to ethics and integrity. The flagship publication of the group is the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity, which was revised in 2017 and is regarded as one of the most comprehensive guides outlining how researchers should conduct their work. | Ethics in science requires researchers to pay due attention to the effects on their subject group, including also animals, as well as to wider society and to minimise harmful effects on their research subjects. Therefore, ensuring that research ethics are abided by serves to put science on track to be trustworthy, reproducible and sustainable. In research ethics conflicts of values and interests between stakeholders are identified, analysed – and proposals for solution of such conflicts are described (in empirical research ethics), or are made and argued for (in normative research ethics). The stakeholders involve other researchers, users, research subjects, including animals, funding agencies as well as society at large, including future generations. Research integrity touches on the ethos of science and is guided by the rules imposed on the research community by itself. As such, research integrity aims at providing a comprehensive framework for scientists as to how to carry out their work within accepted ethical frameworks as well as following good scientific practice. | Researchers | https://allea.org/research-integrity-and-research-ethics/ |
| Academic Affiliation and Research in a Personal Capacity | Cases | A complaint was made to the Executive Board at VU Amsterdam regarding a research report submitted by a researcher affiliated with the university but who produced the report in a personal capacity. Nevertheless, the report stated that the researcher carries out work with a VU Amsterdam research group. A subsequent petition was made to LOWI on the basis that the Executive Board had informed the complainants that it is not the university's responsibility to conduct an investigation or make statements about the research due to the fact that the assignment was issued to the author in a personal capacity. This is a factual anonymized case. | It consider whether research in a personal capacity falls within the scope of a university's complaints procedure. | Researchers Research Ethics Committees Research Integrity Officers Administrators Research institutions Universities | https://lowi.nl/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Summary-2018_08.pdf |
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