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02 - The Seven Steps Method: A Method for Analysing Cases in Research Ethics and Research Integrity + (For example, “there’s something about this decision that makes me uncomfortable” or “do I have a conflict of interest?”)
Der Balanceakt + (Formuliere gemeinsam mit allen Teilnehmend … Formuliere gemeinsam mit allen Teilnehmenden einige übergreifende Erkenntnisse für die Gruppe. Achte besonders auf die Identifizierung und Begründung der mittleren Position (d.h. des tugendhaften Verhaltens).Frage die Teilnehmenden, wie sich die aus dieser Übung gezogenen Erkenntnisse auf den Europäischen Verhaltenskodex für die Integrität der Forschung beziehen und auf welche Weise diese Übung ihnen bei der Förderung der im Europäischen Verhaltenskodex für die Integrität der Forschung genannten Prinzipien, Werte und Tugenden helfen könnte;Frage die Teilnehmenden, ob und wie diese Übung und die Idee, eine mittlere Position zu finden, ihnen helfen könnte, wenn sie in ihrer Arbeit als Wissenschaftler:in mit einer moralischen Frage bezüglich der Research Integrity konfrontiert werden.Wiederhole kurz die Ziele dieser Übung und frage die Teilnehmenden, inwieweit die Ziele für jede:n erfüllt werden konnten.Notiere abschließend auf einem Flipchart die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse und einige Überlegungen dazu, wie diese Übung den Teilnehmenden helfen könnte, wenn sie mit einem moralischen Problem bezüglich der Integrität der Forschung konfrontiert werden.egrität der Forschung konfrontiert werden.)
Earth to research podcasts + (From art-science collaborations to technological “fixes” like carbon capture to ancient myths, listen to Sofia Greaves who shares stories of projects at the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre and beyond.)
Biobanking: Technology Basics + (From biological samples to precision medic … From biological samples to precision medicine for patients. Virchows Arch. 2021 Aug;479(2):23Annaratone L, De Palma G, Bonizzi G, Sapino A, Botti G, Berrino E, Mannelli C, Arcella P, Di Martino S, Steffan A, Daidone MG, Canzonieri V, Parodi B, Paradiso AV, Barberis M, Marchiò C; Alleanza Contro il Cancro (ACC) Pathology and Biobanking Working Group (2021) Basic principles of biobanking:3-246. doi: 10.1007/s00428-021-03151-0. Epub 2021 Jul 13. PMID: 34255145; PMCID: PMC8275637. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8275637/ BBMRI-ERIC Common Service ELSI https://www.bbmri-eric.eu/services/common-service-elsi/ European Commission (2018) Data protection in the EU https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/data-protection-eu_en Council of Europe (2016) Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)6 of the Committee of Ministers to member States on research on biological materials of human origin https://search.coe.int/cm/Pages/result_details.aspx?ObjectId=090000168064e8ff Harati, M.D., Williams, R.R., Movassaghi, M., Hojat, A., Lucey, G.M., Yong, W.H. (2019). An Introduction to Starting a Biobank. In: Yong, W. (eds) Biobanking. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1897. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8935-5_2 Healthtalk.org What is biobanking and why is it important? https://healthtalk.org/experiences/biobanking/what-is-biobanking-and-why-is-it-important/ ISBER (International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories) (2024) Best practices for repositories https://www.isber.org/page/BPR NIH (2024) Genomic Data Sharing (GDS) Policy https://sharing.nih.gov/genomic-data-sharing-policy OECD Guidelines for Human Biobanks and Genetic Research Databases (HBGRDs) https://www.oecd.org/health/biotech/guidelines-for-human-biobanks-and-genetic-research-databases.htmWorld Medical Association (2016) Declaration of Tapei on ethical considerations regarding health databases and biobanks https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-taipei-on-ethical-considerations-regarding-health-databases-and-biobanks/ regarding-health-databases-and-biobanks/ )
Create and populate an Initiative page for your project! + (From the tabs at the top of the [[Main Page|Embassy homepage]] … From the tabs at the top of the [[Main Page|Embassy homepage]], click the "Community" tab.Once there, click the "Initiatives" block to navigate to the Initiatives section of the Embassy. [[File:Initiatives Section navigation.png|center|thumb|600x600px]]Once you are at the Initiatives section, click on the "Add Initiative" button in the top right corner to create a new page for your initiative.[[File:Add Initiative 2.png|center|thumb|600x600px]][[File:Add Initiative 2.png|center|thumb|600x600px]])
Add Resources to the Embassy! + (From the tabs at the top of the [https://e … From the tabs at the top of the [https://embassy.science/wiki-wiki/index.php/Main_Page Embassy homepage], click the "Resources" tab.From here, click the "Add" button in the top right corner. This will open a drop-down menu from which you can select the type of resource you want to add.[[File:Add_Resource.mov|600px]]The next steps will take you through the different types of resource - what they are, what you need to include in your page to save them successfully, and where you should place your project outputs.ere you should place your project outputs.)
From waste to wisdom: rethinking plastic waste management in the lab + (Gauge your knowledge on plastic waste management.)
Diyalog içerisinde fikir yürütmek + (Gelecekte üstleneceğiniz kolaylaştırıcı rolü üzerine fikir yürütün ve kendi çalışma ortamınızda bir eğitmen olarak nasıl hareket edeceğinizi anlamak için açıklamaya ihtiyaç duyduğunuz noktalarda sorular sorun.)
Preparatory Reading: Introduction to Concepts & Themes + (Get acquainted with the concepts of moral conflict and moral dilemmas. Open the page on [https://embassy.science/wiki/Theme:17d406f9-0b0f-4325-aa2d-2fe186d5ff34 moral conflict and moral dilemma.])
Preparatory Reading: Introduction to Concepts & Themes + (Get acquainted with the concepts of values and norms. [https://embassy.science/wiki/Theme:B4f7b2e3-af61-4466-94dc-2504affab5a8 Open the page about values and norms].)
Recognition and Networking + (Get active networking with research ethics and research integrity experts!)
Interim Practice Work + (Get in touch with your trainer and submit … Get in touch with your trainer and submit your self-reflection forms. Share questions or issues you might want to address during the second face-to-face session with your trainer. For example: what facilitated your participants’ learning or what impeded it? What might be done differently in any subsequent moment of facilitation and what to keep unchanged?f facilitation and what to keep unchanged?)
Self Declaration Approach - a Reflection on the Varieties of Goodness in Research + (Give a short presentation of the varieties of goodness with a specific focus on goodness in research. The length and depth of presentation will depend on whether you made the participants watch the video.)
Measurement tools for collecting learning outputs: medium term effects + (Group discussions (e.g. groups solving cas … Group discussions (e.g. groups solving cases, analysing vignettes, making a decision, discussing possible courses of action or value conflicts) reflect the groups’ understanding of the topics and are suitable in HE context and in different disciplines. Sometimes the entire training may consist of discussions but only at the end the group presents their outcome, and the facilitator evaluates that part (Kirkpatrick’s level 2). But the facilitator may choose to record the discussion and evaluate the entire discussion process. Group discussions can be monitored by facilitators on site with e.g. ECAG template or recoded and then evaluated afterwards based on the SOLO taxonomy. In addition, content criteria can be identified in the discussions and discourse analysis can be used to monitor attitudes and values. For example, the figure 2 (from Tammeleht et al., 2022) displays a (recorded) group discussion timeline indicating the levels of understanding, the time devoted to certain topics (A-D) and the order of topics. Indeed, this takes a long time but can be done in case of small groups. ECAG is more convenient and can be used in-class for on-site evaluation.[[File:Img20.png|center|frameless|500x500px]]Figure 2. Group discussion timeline (from Tammeleht et al., 2022).This tool is suitable for all target groups in HE context.== Group discussionsGroup discussions (e.g. groups solving cases, analysing vignettes, making a decision, discussing possible courses of action or value conflicts) reflect the groups’ understanding of the topics and are suitable in HE context and in different disciplines. Sometimes the entire training may consist of discussions but only at the end the group presents their outcome, and the facilitator evaluates that part (Kirkpatrick’s level 2). But the facilitator may choose to record the discussion and evaluate the entire discussion process. Group discussions can be monitored by facilitators on site with e.g. ECAG template or recoded and then evaluated afterwards based on the SOLO taxonomy. In addition, content criteria can be identified in the discussions and discourse analysis can be used to monitor attitudes and values. ==e used to monitor attitudes and values. ==)
Orta Yol + (Grup sözcülerinden kısaca: * alt gruplar … Grup sözcülerinden kısaca:* alt gruplar içerisinde tartışılan erdemleri, farklılık ve benzerlikler üzerinde de durarak özetlemelerini;* katılımcıların orta yolu formüle ediş yöntemlerindeki benzerlik ve farklılıkları (benzerlik ve farklılıkların kendisinden ziyade genel olarak yöntemler üzerinden) özetlemelerini isteyin.İpucu: özellikle erdemler ve orta yollar üzerine odaklanın (spesifik olarak vakalar üzerine değil)Grup sözcülerinin sunduğu kısa özetlerin ardından genel sohbeti başlatmak için katılımcılara şu soruları sorun:- Kişisel bir vaka bulmak ve bu vaka için bir erdem belirlemek kolay oldu mu?- Erdemlere ilişkin olarak başkaları tarafından geliştirilen tanımlamaları/ açıklamaları duyduktan sonra, bu erdemlerin doğasında var olan ahlaki muğlaklığa farklı ya da daha geniş bir açıdan bakmaya başladınız mı?- Vaka sahibi bu alıştırmayı nasıl deneyimlediğini açıklamak ister mi? alıştırmayı nasıl deneyimlediğini açıklamak ister mi?)
Deneyimler üzerine fikir yürütme ve alıştırmaları uygulama + (Grupla birlikte güne dair planınızın ne ol … Grupla birlikte güne dair planınızın ne olacağını konuşun. Hem alıştırmaların uygulanması hem de kuramsal ve içeriğe ilişkin soruların yanıtlanması için gerekli zamanı planlayın. Aynı alıştırmayı birden fazla kişinin uygulamak istemesi durumunda bu kişilerin alıştırmayı ortaklaşa yönetmelerine izin verebilirsiniz.taklaşa yönetmelerine izin verebilirsiniz.)
Uyarlanmış ikilem oyunu + (Gruptan genel olarak süreç üzerine fikir y … Gruptan genel olarak süreç üzerine fikir yürütmelerini ve bu alıştırma bağlamında öğrenme hedeflerinin karşılanıp karşılanmadığına ilişkin bir değerlendirme yapmalarını isteyin. Katılımcıları bu alıştırma ile neler öğrendikleri üzerine kısa bir diyalog yürütmeye yönlendirin. Bu aşamada eğitmen katılımcılara aşağıdakilere benzer sorular sorabilir: - Seçilen ikilem için ilgili prensip ve erdemleri belirlemek kolay oldu mu?- Bu alıştırma sizin resmi olarak tanımlanmış prensipleri (ECoC) tespit edip bunlarla vakalar arasında bağlantı kurmanıza yardımcı oldu mu?- Oyunu oynayan katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğu varılan nihai karara muvafakat etti mi?- Anlaşmazlığa yol açan başlıca noktalar nelerdi?- Katılımcıların bazı noktalarda hemfikir olmamasına sebep olan şeyler nelerdi (örn., kişilerin deneyimlerindeki, eğitimlerindeki, arka planlarındaki, değerlerindeki, normlarındaki vb. farklılıklar)- Diğer seçenekler neydi?- Herhangi bir alternatif seçenek önerildi mi?- Tartışma sonucunda herhangi bir katılımcı fikrini değiştirdi mi?- Ahlaki açıdan ideal olan şeyi YAPMAMANIZIN sebebi ne olurdu?- Sizin iş ortamınızda ahlaki olarak iyi olana ulaşmak için neler gerekli? - Tartışmada kullanılan en ikna edici argümanlar hangileriydi?- Hangi noktalarda yeterince fikir birliğine varılmadığını düşünüyorsunuz?- Gelecekte iş yaşamınızda bu gibi ikilemlerle en iyi hangi şekilde başa çıkabilirsiniz?- Üzerinde daha yaygın bir şekilde anlaşmaya varılan değer ve ilkelere nasıl ulaşılır? varılan değer ve ilkelere nasıl ulaşılır?)
Group reflection using an imaginary line: Biobanking + (Hand out a post-it to each trainee and ask … Hand out a post-it to each trainee and ask them to write down...#...the most important thing that they have learned.#...an action they can implement to pay more attention to ethical issues related to biobanking.(If you started with check-in question Scenario 2 in Step 1 of this module, then you can ask trainees if they would change their answer.)Depending on the group size and the time available, invite a few or all trainees to share their insights.'''Evaluation'''Invite the trainees to complete the evaluation form by sharing a QR code linking to the evaluation form. a QR code linking to the evaluation form.)
Group reflection using an imaginary line: Biobanking + (Hand out a post-it to each trainee and ask … Hand out a post-it to each trainee and ask them to write down...#...the most important thing that they have learned.#...an action they can implement to pay more attention to ethical issues related to biobanking.(If you started with check-in question Scenario 2 in Step 1 of this module, then you can ask trainees if they would change their answer.)Depending on the group size and the time available, invite a few or all trainees to share their insights.'''Evaluation'''Invite the trainees to complete the evaluation form by sharing a QR code linking to the evaluation form. a QR code linking to the evaluation form.)
05 - REalistiC Decisions: A Method for Analysing Cases in Research Ethics and Research Integrity + (Having addressed all the themes and associ … Having addressed all the themes and associated questions in the previous step, I now need to come up with an Informed Judgment. To come up with my Informed Judgment, I should be aware that: *Answering each question in the previous step leads to reasons to justify (or refute) a position;*No single answer can provide a firm base for judgment;*My Informed Judgment will involve balancing the answers to the different questions.alancing the answers to the different questions.)
Addressing environmental justice in research & innovation + (Having watched the video, you will apply the ethical principles to your own research practices using interactive prompt cards.)
Responsible Open Science: Video Lectures + (Heidi Beate Bentzen's lecture covers legal … Heidi Beate Bentzen's lecture covers legal aspects of human research data, focusing on identifiability. The first part addresses personal data issues, and the second part discusses anonymous data.'''Watch the lecture and then answer the questions.''''''Further reading:''' The Embassy of Good Science: “[[Theme:540c9ba0-bc9c-4311-b3e1-7a650d2b9f0f|Privacy in Research]]” Data Protection Commission: “[https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/dpc-guidance/anonymisation-pseudonymisation Anonymisation and pseudonymisation]” Eke, D., Aasebø, I. E., Akintoye, S., Knight, W., Karakasidis, A., Mikulan, E., ... & Zehl, L. (2021). Pseudonymisation of neuroimages and data protection: Increasing access to data while retaining scientific utility. Neuroimage: Reports, 1(4), 100053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2021.1000533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2021.100053)
Specific Research Ethics and Integrity Considerations for Crisis Research + (Helicopter research occurs when researcher … Helicopter research occurs when researchers from affluent countries extract data or resources from lower-income regions without considering local needs or ethical concerns. A notable example occurred during the Ebola crisis in 2014. Researchers from high-income countries requested access to vast amounts of mobile phone data from Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia to track population movements, claiming that it would provide significant insights into Ebola transmission.The contrast between the handling of mobile phone data during the Ebola crisis and the German floods of 2021 underscores the double standards often present in helicopter research.ards often present in helicopter research.)
Ara dönem uygulama çalışması + (Her bir alıştırmanın yapılacağı zaman ve y … Her bir alıştırmanın yapılacağı zaman ve yer ile ilgili ayarlamaları yapın ve katılımcılara davetiyelerini gönderin (maks. 6-12 kişi). 5 alıştırmanın hepsini tek seferde ya da tüm alıştırmaları aynı grupla yapmak zorunda değilsiniz. Bazı alıştırmaları birleştirip tek oturumda yapmanız mümkündür (örn., [https://embassy.science/wiki/Instruction:628b20aa-3ad4-41b8-919b-e45ad17b3d8f Münazara-diyalog] ve İkilem oyunu). Alıştırmalar için gerekli formları dağıtmayı ve nasıl geri toplayacağınızı planlamayı unutmayın ([https://embassy.science/wiki/Instruction:36e82c9c-dc83-46cc-a043-df9d93f1801f Öz beyan] ve vaka yorum formu – [https://embassy.science/wiki/Instruction:35961b2d-6734-4bf9-a1d0-5893be9be3a5 Erdemler ve normlar] alıştırmasına ilişkin talimatlar içerisindeki ipuçları kısmında bulunmaktadır). alıştırmasına ilişkin talimatlar içerisindeki ipuçları kısmında bulunmaktadır).)
Diyalog içerisinde fikir yürütmek + (Her bir alıştırmayı deneyimledikten sonra, … Her bir alıştırmayı deneyimledikten sonra, katılımcıların alıştırmaları kolaylaştırıcı olarak yönetebilmek için yapmaları ya da öğrenmeleri gereken şeyler üzerine fikir yürütmelerine yardımcı olmak amacıyla şu soruları sorabilirsiniz:a. Bu alıştırmayı kolaylaştırıcı olarak yönetebilir miydiniz?b. Neleri bilmeniz ya da geliştirmeniz gerekirdi?c. Bu alıştırmanın herhangi bir adımıyla ilgili daha fazla açıklamaya ihtiyacınız var mı?d. Bu alıştırmanın hedef ve prosedürlerine ilişkin kafanızda net olmayan noktalar var mı?kin kafanızda net olmayan noktalar var mı?)

Test Marko + (Hier ist nur der H5P-Inhalt zum Testen.)

Earth to research podcasts + (How can researchers reflect on their values, imagine alternative futures, and build solidarity in the face of shared struggles? Listen to Josie Chambers, Rianne Janssen, and Lucy Sabin explore transformative research.)
Planetary health, human well-being and environmental justice + (How can we act according to our values?)
Earth to research podcasts + (How can we connect knowledge with action in pursuit of more just futures? Listen to Josie Chambers, Rianne Janssen, and host Lucy Sabin and reflect on your own role as researcher and citizen.)
Expert Dialogues on Pandemic Preparedness by PREPARED + (How can we make sure we're not cutting cor … How can we make sure we're not cutting corners on important safety and ethical standards while we rush through scientific research? During the COVID-19 pandemic, fast scientific work helped us understand the virus, create treatments and vaccines, and figure out how to stay safe. But there were some big questions about protecting the people involved in the research. Should scientists use information and samples from patients who were too sick to agree to it? Should people in studies get a fake treatment if there's already a good one available? Is it okay to intentionally expose healthy volunteers to the virus for research purposes? Watch this annotated video and learn more about ethics and integrity challenges for research during global crises.Click below to watch the annotated video! Click below to watch the annotated video!)
AI in Healthcare: Ethics Issues + (How confident do you feel about navigating ethics issues related to the use of AI technologies in healthcare domains? Select the most appropriate response in the anonymous poll.)
VIRT2UE Videos + (How researchers’ moral judgments can be af … How researchers’ moral judgments can be affected by individual and contextual factors, explained by the VIRT2UE project for The Embassy of Good Science. [[File: The concept of research integrity explained3.png|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIGuvc8Qbmw]]File: The concept of research integrity explained3.png|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIGuvc8Qbmw]])
Specific Research Ethics and Integrity Considerations for Crisis Research + (Humans have been hooked on learning for mi … Humans have been hooked on learning for millennia. From Darwin’s curiosity about evolution to our desire for self-improvement, knowledge fuels our world. But it’s not just about personal growth; it's also about solving global problems and making the world a better place. Researchers use everything from ancient wisdom to cutting-edge technology to uncover new insights. But unless their findings are actually used to solve problems, the vast majority of benefits from research lie only with researchers themselves.arch lie only with researchers themselves.)
06 - Teaching Research Ethics Tool : A Method for Analysing Cases in Research Ethics + (Identify the situations, people and environment through which the case unfolds. A good understanding of facts is essential for this deliberation procedure.)
06 - Teaching Research Ethics Tool : A Method for Analysing Cases in Research Ethics + (If the previous step is not sufficient to … If the previous step is not sufficient to identify the preferred course of action, a further step is required consisting of the analysis of foreseeable consequences of each course of action. The analysis of consequences depends on a good determination of the facts. It should include foreseeable consequences related to the persons involved, the working environment, the external environment, and society at large.xternal environment, and society at large.)
06 - Teaching Research Ethics Tool : A Method for Analysing Cases in Research Ethics + (If there are moral conflicts, examination of the relative hierarchy of values is required in order to determine the overriding duty or duties in the situation.)
XR in Research: A Case Study + (In addition to the checklist that we have … In addition to the checklist that we have been referring to throughout this case study, we also recommend consulting the policies and guidelines below when reviewing proposals involving the use of XR technologies. There are currently no specific EU or international guidelines governing XR. Listed here are the most relevant sources of ethics guidance as well as the most relevant regulations.A not-for-profit organisation, The '''Metaverse Standards Forum''' brings together most of the industrial players involved in the metaverse, with the aim of creating the conditions for its worldwide interoperability: [https://metaverse-standards.org/ https://metaverse-] [https://metaverse-standards.org/ standards.org/]'''Data Privacy and Security''' [https://gdpr-info.eu/ General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)] The GDPR is a comprehensive data protection law that applies to all research involving personal data from EU citizens, regardless of where the research is conducted. '''Guidelines for AI and Emerging Technologies'''[https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/policy-issues/artificial-intelligence.html OECD Principles on Artificial Intelligence]These principles promote responsible stewardship of trustworthy AI, calling for transparency, accountability, and data privacy. For XR studies that integrate AI-driven avatars or generative AI, these guidelines emphasise transparency in AI functionality and accountability for AI-driven outcomes.[https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/recommendation-ethics-artificial-intelligence UNESCO’s Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence] (2021)UNESCO’s guidelines focus on AI ethics, covering respect for human rights, transparency, and accountability. This is particularly relevant to XR studies that use AI to create immersive experiences, as researchers must ensure that AI-driven interactions are fair, transparent, and respectful of human dignity. [https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai European Commission’s Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI]These guidelines emphasise the need for AI systems to be lawful, ethical, and robust. In XR research involving AI avatars, this means ensuring that AI interactions do not mislead or psychologically manipulate participants and that data collected from these interactions complies with ethical standards.Ethics By Design and Ethics of Use Approaches for Artificial Intelligence (2021)https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/docs/2021- [https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/docs/2021-2027/horizon/guidance/ethics-by-design-and-ethics-of-use-approaches-for-artificial-intelligence_he_en.pdf 2027/horizon/guidance/ethics-by-design-and-ethics-of-use-approaches-] [https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/docs/2021-2027/horizon/guidance/ethics-by-design-and-ethics-of-use-approaches-for-artificial-intelligence_he_en.pdf for-artificial-intelligence_he_en.pdf]Provides a comprehensive framework to ensure the ethical development and deployment of AI-driven avatars. E'''thics by Design''' guides the development of AI systems that prioritize privacy, transparency, and fairness from the outset. '''Ethics of Use e'''mphasizes ethical considerations during deployment, including informed consent, impact monitoring, participant support, and continuous feedback mechanisms.[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/european-approach-artificial-intelligence European approach to artificial intelligence]Includes links to the current relevant guidelines, strategies and support that are relevant in the EU. Focusses on excellence and trust and aiming to boost research and industrial capacity while ensuring safety and fundamental rights.World Health Organisation: Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health (2021)https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240029200 Although the WHO guidelines specifically address AI in health contexts, many principles are broadly applicable to XR research that uses AI and involves psychological and biometric assessments. The guidelines reinforce the importance of transparency, accountability, privacy, risk mitigation, fairness, and informed consent—all critical to conducting AI-driven research in immersive XR environments. While these guidelines are framed around health their principles apply well to any context where AI interacts with sensitive human experiences and data.'''Standards for Biometric and Sensitive Data'''[https://www.iso.org/standard/27001 ISO/IEC 27001] - Information Security ManagementThis international standard provides a framework for data security, emphasizing the need for strict measures to protect sensitive and biometric data (e.g., eye-tracking or heart rate data). For XR studies, adhering to ISO/IEC 27001 can ensure secure handling of biometric data.[https://www.iso.org/committee/6794475.html ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42] - Artificial Intelligence StandardsThis series of standards focuses on AI, including the use of biometric and biometric-enhancing technologies. Following these standards can help manage risks associated with XR’s use of biometric data, ensuring data accuracy, protection, and responsible use.'''Digital Accessibility Standards'''[https://social.desa.un.org/issues/disability/crpd/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities-crpd UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)]This convention calls for inclusive access to technology, which applies to XR environments. Researchers must ensure that XR experiences are accessible to individuals with disabilities, including provisions for visual, auditory, or mobility-related needs.[https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/ Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)]Although focused on web content, WCAG principles are increasingly applied to XR to ensure that immersive environments are accessible. Following these guidelines can ensure that XR experiences are inclusive and provide equitable access to all participants.es are inclusive and provide equitable access to all participants.)
Supervisors’ research ethics and integrity leadership training + (In addition to the facilitator feedback af … In addition to the facilitator feedback after the group-work (whatever form the facilitator decides to use) learner’s self-reflection form (SRF) can be used: click on the [https://forms.office.com/Pages/ShareFormPage.aspx?id=WXWumNwQiEKOLkWT5i_j7twYn7PlpvpDlgGDpz2LgIdUOVQ4RU1ER01aVzk0NllKTk5FUVU3RzJTVi4u&sharetoken=O08ePjwroUE6lLvlP8Fd link] to make a copy of the form for the training (collects also the user feedback on the material). You should modify the form as appropriate (e.g. who collects the answers, as you duplicate the form, the responses will be saved on your cloud and you will be the owner of the answers), but you should keep the statements and order of questions the same – otherwise participants will not receive automated feedback.ticipants will not receive automated feedback.)
Werte/Tugenden und Normen + (In diesem Schritt der Übung lädst du die T … In diesem Schritt der Übung lädst du die Teilnehmenden dazu ein, sich in die Lage der Person zu versetzen, die ihren Fall präsentiert hat. Die Teilnehmenden sollen darüber nachdenken, welche Fakten sie benötigen und wo noch Klärungsbedarf besteht, damit sie sich ein besseres Bild von der Situation machen können und den Ablauf der Situation verstanden haben. Alle relevanten Fragen, die es den Teilnehmenden ermöglichen, sich in die Lage der präsentierenden Person zu versetzen, sollten an dieser Stelle gestellt werden. sollten an dieser Stelle gestellt werden.)
Reimagining sustainable field research: Doing science without doing harm + (In ecology, field research aims to underst … In ecology, field research aims to understand how ecosystems work, respond, and change. But whether we’re conducting observational surveys or setting up experiments, field activities can unintentionally damage the ecosystems that we want to protect.” This raises a central question of how we can minimize the environmental impact of our fieldwork in accordance with ethical standards.To be able to answer this question, watch the video on “Doing science responsibly: Minimizing ecological footprints in field research” to familiarize yourself with basic actions that can be implemented to minimize the environmental impacts of field research activities. Note down those actions that you find the most relevant to your research.u find the most relevant to your research.)
Protection of Research Participants + (In many cases participation in research do … In many cases participation in research does not pose '''risks to research participants''', for example, filling in an anonymous questionnaire usually is easy, and no risks are associated with it (nevertheless, sometimes sensitive questions may pose psychological risk). In some other types of research, participation can pose physical or psychological risks. For example, participants of biomedical research who are exposed to experimental treatments might face risks to physical well-being; research in psychology may lead to emotional distress among participants; studies dealing with sensitive information may raise risks for the privacy and confidentiality of participants; some research topics may be socially sensitive and research participants might face social consequences or stigma. In citizen science, sharing data sometimes might pose a privacy risk to the citizen scientists themselves. This might be a case when, for example, management of citizen science programs requires collecting private information about volunteers.The '''rights and interests of research participants''' are arguably the cornerstone of research ethics and in the traditional research ethics setting there has been developed a certain framework of how these rights are applied in different fields of research. Citizen science however introduces some additional challenges that need to be addressed. Many citizen science projects are conducted outside traditional academic or commercial settings. This raises the issue of ethics oversight of these studies and whether citizen scientists have the necessary research ethics training.Research involving human research participants is guided by various laws and ethical guidelines. These legal and ethical standards embody important ethical principles and requirements (Emanuel et al 2000; Resnik 2019):*'''Social value''' means that to justify the participation of human subjects, research should be expected to yield results that can benefit society.*Evaluation of the '''risk/benefit ratio''' means that risks posed by participation in a research study should be minimized and justified in terms of the potential benefits to the research participants and society.*'''Informed consent''' means that research participants should receive adequate information about the planned research and their voluntary consent should be sought and appropriately documented.*'''Confidentiality''' is required to protect personal data and privacy of research participants.*'''Data safety''' monitoring means that research data should be adequately protected to avoid harming, e.g., stigmatizing research participants.*'''Fair selection of subjects''' means that the selection of research participants should be based on sound scientific and ethical criteria.*'''Protection of vulnerable subjects''' requires to ensure additional protections for research participants who may be vulnerable to coercion, exploitation, or harm.*'''Independent review''' is a requirement applied to some types of research, e.g. biomedical research involving human research participants should be reviewed by an independent research ethics committee according to the national legal framework.For a research study to be ethical, researchers, including citizen scientists, must comply with all the requirements and principles mentioned above. For example, poorly designed studies will not yield valuable results and therefore, the risks that research participants have been exposed to during the study will be unjustified. One of the suggested ways to avoid these problems is to closely collaborate with professional scientists who are experts in a particular field of research (Resnik 2019).'''References'''#Emanuel, E. J., Wendler, D., & Grady, C. (2000). What Makes Clinical Research Ethical? ''JAMA'', 283(20), 2701–2711. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.283.20.2701#Resnik, D. B. (2019). Citizen scientists as human subjects: Ethical issues. ''Citizen Science: Theory and Practice'', 4(1). https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.150tice'', 4(1). https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.150)
05 - REalistiC Decisions: A Method for Analysing Cases in Research Ethics and Research Integrity + (In order for our committee to reach a cons … In order for our committee to reach a consensus regarding a specific case: *I must share my Informed Judgment and associated reasons with the rest of the committee;*Listen to and recognise the Informed Judgments and associated reasons of all other members of the committee.The final step is to deliberate and debate with our fellow committee members. *If we all agree, then the decision is made and little needs to be done, although, from time to time, we should critique our views;*If we fail to obtain a consensus, we can ask for further involvement from interested parties ("Empathy"), outside advice and deliberation ("Expertise") and/or new research ("Evidence").ration ("Expertise") and/or new research ("Evidence").)
Add Resources to the Embassy! + (In order to add any resources, you need to … In order to add any resources, you need to be logged into the Embassy using an ORCiD.If you don't yet have an ORCiD, you can sign up for one [https://orcid.org/register here].Once you have an ORCiD, follow the steps in the video below to sign in to the Embassy.the video below to sign in to the Embassy.)
VIRT2UE Certification + (In order to gain the VIRT2UE certificate, … In order to gain the VIRT2UE certificate, you need to train 10 researchers in the VIRT2UE approach. The VIRT2UE program consists of three online modules and five participatory exercises. We consider it sufficient if you train 10 researchers in 3 out of the 5 participatory exercises - this would provide the researchers a firm grounding in a virtue ethics approach to research integrity.The training of 10 researchers can be completed as part of the 'practice' of the participatory exercises during the program, or after the program has finished.It is possible to provide participating researchers with further information so that they can go on to become trainers themselves. This is optional, and you do not need to do this to obtain the VIRT2UE certificate. If you would indeed like to train people to become trainers, then you must ensure that your trainees read the VIRT2UE guide for trainers on The Embassy of Good Science (in addition to the one for trainees) and attend an additional session to exchange experiences of facilitating the exercises. If necessary, this exchange of experiences can be replaced by a written exercise, peer coaching and/or a video conference if an in-person meeting is not possible (for example, during the pandemic).ssible (for example, during the pandemic).)
Create and populate an Initiative page for your project! + (In order to make an initiative page for yo … In order to make an initiative page for your project, you need to be logged into the Embassy using an ORCiD. If you don't yet have an ORCiD, you can sign up for one [https://orcid.org/register here].Once you have an ORCiD, follow the steps in the video below to sign in to the Embassy.the video below to sign in to the Embassy.)
Measurement tools for collecting learning outputs: medium term effects + (In order to monitor how ethics competencie … In order to monitor how ethics competencies develop during the training session and also see if the competencies are retained over a longer period of time reflective learning diaries can be used to monitor the development of REI competencies as well as measure the effectiveness of the training in the long term (Kirkpatrick’s levels 2 and 3). Reflection is a crucial part of ethics education as it supports the development of ethical sensitivity and ethical decision-making (Mustajoki and Mustajoki, 2017; Löfström and Tammeleht, 2023). Written reflection tasks may provide good results as writing offers a chance to pause and have an inner dialogue with oneself. Implementation is relatively easy, but analysis may take some time. There are different ways to elicit learner’s texts – from pen-and-paper format to individual digital diaries (on various platforms) as well as forum format (where learners can see and respond to each other’s entries). Forum format has provided the best results (Tammeleht et al., 2024). Diaries should be kept during a longer period of time (at least a few months) and include weekly or bimonthly submissions. Some guiding questions or topics should be provided for each entry – this helps to keep focus and guide discussion.Various instruments can be used for analysis: the SOLO taxonomy to evaluate the level of understanding, reflection levels to see the advancement of reflective skills, content criteria (ethical principles, ethical analysis, ethical approaches) or specific topics relevant for the course content.There are various ethical aspects to consider when collecting and analysing learning diaries (Thorpe, 2004; Gibbs et al., 2007). Learners can be asked if they would prefer individual or forum format diary-keeping. Depending on the level of trust in the group, forum format may be uncomfortable for some learners. In HE context learners are adults, who take responsibility for writing the entries on time and honestly. This may call for keeping the content confidential unless agreed otherwiseThe tool is suitable for students and ECRs. Supervisors may find it challenging to keep a diary in addition to their regular work-load.ry in addition to their regular work-load.)
Modified Dilemma Game + (In playing the game, you will read hypothe … In playing the game, you will read hypothetical cases concerning research integrity dilemmas. You will need to decide which of the four proposed courses of action to take in relation to the dilemmas. The trainer might share these dilemmas on a slide or flip board, or she/he might make use of the [https://www.eur.nl/en/about-eur/policy-and-regulations/integrity/research-integrity/dilemma-game Dilemma Game app]. If using the app, the trainer will guide you through the following steps: '''Playing the game (app version)''' #Input the room code provided by the trainer into the app.#You will be able to see the first dilemma.#The trainer will share the dilemma on a screen with you (lecture mode in the app)#Choose one of the four alternative courses of action which best reflects how you would act in the dilemma#The facilitator will guide you in a discussion about your choices in a discussion about your choices )
Preparatory Reading: Introduction to Concepts & Themes + (In preparation for the first face-to-face … In preparation for the first face-to-face session, you are required to reflect on your own experience by filling in the following forms: I. Self-declaration sheet, (will be sent to you by your trainer) II. Case reflection form (see step 1 of the [https://embassy.science/wiki/Instruction:747f4d61-3c97-4c4b-acd9-4d69c95f134b#Prepare Virtues and norms instructions]) Don't forget to send the forms to your trainers before the session.NOTE: this step is not mandatory.ession. NOTE: this step is not mandatory.)
THE PREPARED CODE: A Global Code of Conduct for Research during Pandemics + (In public communications, researchers should ensure that the scientific information presented is reliable. They should be clear about study limitations and avoid exaggeration, sensationalism and deception)
Planetary health, human well-being and environmental justice + (In the context of planetary health, ''just … In the context of planetary health, ''justice'' means recognising that the impacts of environmental degradation and climate change are not distributed equally. While some communities contribute more to these problems, often through overconsumption or industrial activity, others (especially low-income or marginalised groups) bear the brunt of the consequences.Justice asks us to reflect on questions such as:*Who benefits from current systems?*Who is most affected by environmental and health harms?*Whose voices are included or excluded from solutions?Justice is essential for sustainable health systems because '''no system can be truly sustainable if it perpetuates inequality.'''stainable if it perpetuates inequality.''')
THE PREPARED CODE: A Global Code of Conduct for Research during Pandemics + (In the context of uncertainty, researchers should review their study protocols regularly to ensure that new findings are taken into account as they emerge)